Sociology Of Gender

Question 1

Goal of a social scientist

Answer 1

To contribute to human well-being–conditions of social justice, (in)equality and respect for human rights.
To understand mechanisms that lead to inequalities

Question 2

Define the strange in the familiar

Answer 2

Asking the ‘common sense’

Question 3

State and explain the UBUNTU quote

Answer 3

To be human is to be social
To be human is to ensure humanization
To be human is to bothered by dehuminization

Question 4

Define globalization

Answer 4

Increase in economic, cultural, political, and environmental connections between different parts of the world through the goods, capital, people, technology and information.

Question 5

Define sociology

Answer 5

The study of social relations and society

Question 6

Define social action

Answer 6

Micro level any action that is oriented

Question 7

Social interaction

Answer 7

Social action that is reciprocated; exchange of social actions

Question 8

Define social relationship

Answer 8

A pattern of social interaction

Question 9

Define social structure

Answer 9

Patterns of social relationships that are relatively stable > organized around institutions

Question 10

Explain the relational/dialectic framework

Answer 10

How things are interrelated
> 2 way relationship of mutual effect
> keeps changing each other
> 1 cannot fully understood without the other

Question 11

what are the major dialectic relationships

Answer 11

Micro/macro
Structure/agency
Gender/class/ethnicity/race
Local/global
Political/economic

Question 12

Define the sociological imagination

Answer 12

Ability to grasp interplay intersection between individuals and society, biography and history, self and world
> being able to perceive connection between individual + society

Question 13

Define structure

Answer 13

Created by people

product of collective agency

Question 14

Means of production

Answer 14

Anything that enables you to produce

Question 15

Relations of production

Answer 15

Relations that revolve around the use, control and ownership over the means of production and the products of human labour

Question 16

Mode of production

Answer 16

Dominant type of relations of production in the society as a whole

Question 17

Different types of mode of production

Answer 17

Band and tribal
Ancient slavery
Feudalism
Capitalism
Socialism

Question 18

Capitalism

Answer 18

The current mode of production in which we live.
Has three basic requirements:
Resources
Labour
Markets

Question 19

The mode of production preceding capitalism

Answer 19

Feudalism

Question 20

Feudal social relations

Answer 20

Landlords and serfs

Question 21

T or F, landlords had no obligations towards serfs and they could evict the serfs anytime

Answer 21

False, landlords had obligations towards the serfs and the landlord could not evict the serfs for as long as they fulfilled their obligations

Question 22

Primitive accumulation

Answer 22

Expropriation of the direct producers from their means of subsistence

Question 23

Consequences of primitive accumulation

Answer 23

Loss of land-loss of security,livelihood, culture, home creation of landlessness- no other means of subsistence except for THEIR labour

Question 24

Mechanisms for dealing with resistance to capitalist development

Answer 24

Legal, violent, ideological

Question 25

Class

Answer 25

Group of people who have the same relationship to the means of production Your class is determined by your relationship to the means of production

Question 26

2 classes of capitalism

Answer 26

Bourgeoisie (capitalist) | Proletariat (workers)

Question 27

Bourgeoisie

Answer 27

Owners of means of production, appropriate the products produced by the workers

Question 28

Proletariat

Answer 28

Sell their labour to survive, don't own means of productions

Question 29

Capital accumulation

Answer 29

A process through which capital expands through production and the appropriation of surplus value > a given means of production can produce capital only when labour comes in contact with it

Question 30

Exploitation

Answer 30

Extraction of surplus value from the worker by the owner of the means of production

Question 31

Elements of exploitation

Answer 31

Necessary labour Surplus labour Surplus value Rate of exploitation

Question 32

Role of the state

Answer 32

Instrument that ensures the dominance of the capitalist class by securing the conditions necessary for capital accumulation

Question 33

Colonialism

Answer 33

Economic, political and military domination by one nation over another territory and its people

Question 34

T or F, slavery as an institution and Racism as an ideology and practice

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Colonial expansion

Answer 35

Globalization of primitive accumulation

Question 36

Racial oppression as an instrument in economic exploitation

Answer 36

Reason: difficult to discipline unfree labourers Solution: divide labourers by inventing race Reason: racial oppression became a strategy for controlling the labouring classes

Question 37

Slavery > Racism

Answer 37

Need to weaken the unity of working classes > institutionalized slavery > racism as ideological justification

Question 38

Othering

Answer 38

Claiming difference from one's self for the purpose of insinuating the other person's race inferiority > to exclude from material, symbolic, emotional or other types of rewards

Question 39

World ecomomy

Answer 39

National economies are linked to one another through trade and finances

Question 40

Transnationalization

Answer 40

The production process itself is globalized as the chains of production and distribution of commodities and services are decentralized

Question 41

Capital's advantage over labour

Answer 41

Means of subsistence, capital is mobile while labour is not

Question 42

Neoliberalism

Answer 42

A system of policies that promotes the interests of private enterprises by eliminating any remaining barriers to capital's search for resources, labour and markets

Question 43

Components of neoliberalism

Answer 43

Trade liberalization (free trade) and foreign investment Privatization Deregulation Austerity

Question 44

Trade liberalization

Answer 44

Removal of any trade barriers, such as tariffs and quota

Question 45

Privatization

Answer 45

The sale of public enterprises and assets to private owners

Question 46

Deregulation

Answer 46

Removal of govt restrictions and interventions on capital to allow market forces act as a self regulating mechanism

Question 47

Austerity

Answer 47

elimination of budget expenditures for social programs and services