Sociology test review

Question 1

What is Sociology?

Answer 1

The scientific study of society, social interactions, and the development, structure, and functioning of humans within society.

Question 2

Emile Durkheim is seen as the father of Sociology. What social theory did he help create?

Answer 2

Functionalism, division of labor, solidarity, and anomie
FUNCTIONALISM

Question 3

What changed in society in Europe during the 19th century that caused Emile Durkheim to question how society functioned?

Answer 3

industrialization and the indust revolution

Question 4

What is Verstehen?

Answer 4

Understanding why from the inside and not the outside

Question 5

What is culture?

Answer 5

Language, beliefs, customs and material goods passed down to generations, the way we do stuff

Question 6

What needs to be added to a culture to create a society?

Answer 6

location, territory, geography

Question 7

What is a social fact?

Answer 7

Shared values, beliefs, and behaviors of a group of people

Question 8

What is Implicit Bias?

Answer 8

The unconscious attitudes and stereotypes.

Question 9

What is a sociological imagination?

Answer 9

The ability to see things socially… a person must be able to pull away from the situation and think from an alternative point of view.

Question 10

What is sociological perspective?

Answer 10

see the GENERAL in the PARTICULAR
See the STRANGE in the FAMILIAR

Question 11

What is a stereotype?

Answer 11

A generalized belief or assumption about a group of people, often based on limited or inaccurate information

Question 12

how did Harry Harlow demo the importance of family connections?

Question 13

The traditional explanation of socialization is…

Question 13

What is family?

Answer 13

Groups of people who are related by genetics, marriage, or choice and who share material, emotional, and economic resources.

Question 14

The modern of socialization is different. What is different about this approach?

Question 15

What is Over socialization?

Answer 15

No room for “animal” behavior
Nothing unique

Question 16

What is under socialization?

Answer 16

May be challenged by others and can not function

Question 17

The three parts of socialization are context, content, and result. What is content.

Answer 17

What: dialogue, actors
How: actions

Question 18

What is context?

Answer 18

Theater or stage
Surrounding environment
Atmosphere

Question 19

What is result?

Answer 19

future outcome of group

Question 20

What does Genie Wiley tell us about how socialization work?

Answer 20

no socialization, cannot function and work with others

Question 21

How does Emile Durkheim explain Deviance? (4 parts)

Answer 21

Family
Schools
Peers
Mass media

Question 22

What is social strain theory?

Answer 22

amount of deviance in a society depends on wether that society has provided sufficient means to achieve culturally defined
Conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, rebellion

Question 23

Describe impact of labeling theory?

Answer 23

deviance and conformity are not so much matter of what you do, but how people label it
Stigma: negative sort
Retrospective labeling: past
Prospective labeling: future

Question 24

What is tribalism?

Answer 24

Seeing your group is better because other groups suck Group character: every choice you make is the best for your group

Question 25

Explain wealth

Answer 25

cumulative malation of everything you possess Not universal Concept of wealth is relate to society you are in

Question 26

Instrumental Leadership

Answer 26

focuses on achieve group goals and accomplish group tasks

Question 27

Expressive Leadership

Answer 27

To maintain and improve the quality of relationship among group members and more generally to ensure group harmony

Question 28

Authoritarian Leadership

Answer 28

achieving group goals and on rigorous compliance with group rules and penalties for noncompliance

Question 29

Democratic Leadership

Answer 29

extensive consultation with group members on decision and less emphasis on rule compliance

Question 30

Social group

Answer 30

two or more people who regulatory interact on the basis of mutual expectations and who share a common identity

Question 31

Social category

Answer 31

collection of individuals who have at least one attribute in common but otherwise do not necessarily interact

Question 32

Social aggregate

Answer 32

collection of people who are in the same place at the same time, but otherwise do not necessary interact, expect in the most superficial of ways, or have anything else in common

Question 33

Primary group

Answer 33

small is characterized by extensive interaction and strong emotional ties and endures over time

Question 34

Secondary group

Answer 34

Larger and more impersonal than a primary group and may exist for a relatively short time to achieve a specific purpose

Question 35

Reference group

Answer 35

primary and secondary can act both as our reference group or as groups that set a standard for guiding our own behaviors and attitudes

Question 36

In group

Answer 36

members of primary and some secondary groups fell loyal to these groups and take pride in belonging to them

Question 37

out group

Answer 37

Opposite of in group Rivals and haters

Question 38

Impact of group size

Answer 38

the smaller the group the more connection and the larger the group the less A two person group can not become a group when one leaves because they is only one left

Question 39

Social change

Answer 39

The alteration of a society’s social order, encompassing modifications in social institutions, behaviors, and relationships

Question 40

Primary socialization

Answer 40

basic type, right at birth, the most essential. Teaching of language, congnitive skills

Question 41

Developmental socialization

Answer 41

this kind of learning is based on the achievements of primary. New learning is added to and blend with old in a relativity way

Question 42

broad socialization

Answer 42

encourages independence,individuality, and self expression

Question 43

Narrow socialization

Answer 43

Is intended to promote obedient and conformity over individual and self expression. Ex: only one way

Question 44

Natural

Answer 44

occurs when infants and young start explore, play, and discover the social world Ex:no structure

Question 45

anticipatory

Answer 45

the process of adopting the behaviors and values of a group that someone wants to join

Question 46

Re- socialization

Answer 46

the process of learning new values,norms, and behaviors to adapt to a new social role or environment

Question 47

Planned

Answer 47

Occurs when other people take action to learn social norms, behaviors, and expectations through structured activities Ex: planned for you

Question 48

Posistive

Answer 48

the social learning g that is best on pleasure Existing experience

Question 49

negative

Answer 49

occured when others use punishment

Question 50

Functionalism

Answer 50

Sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote equilibrium and stability. Macro level Broadly focuses on the social structures that shape society as a whole Social goals and social institutions Create equilibrium If goals are not met you get chaos and disappointment is the result If institution has no goal than waste and mistrust is the result Ex: gender roles

Question 51

conflict theory

Answer 51

Marco level Saw society as being made up of individuals in different social classes who must compete for social, material, and political resources such as food and housing, employment ,education, and leisure time. Social institutions like government, education, and religion reflect this competition in their inequalities and help maintain the unequal social structures. Individuals and organizations can keep more resources than others and these winners use their power and influence to maintain social institutions.

Question 51

Symbolic interaction

Answer 51

humans interact with things based on meaning ascribed to those things; the ascribed meaning of things come from our interactions with others and society; the meaning of things are interpreted by a person when dealing with things in specific circumstances Micro level

Question 52

Ron Jones’s 3rd wave movement

Answer 52

turned h8is classroom into a nazi-like environment and got kids to join and start doing the things he said. He did this to help students in high school don understand how the nazi holocaust could have happen.

Question 53

Solomon ash Line

Answer 53

they would normally follow the group to the wrong answer because they did not want to stick out. Members feel pressured to confirm soon. As not alienate other members Members may decide their own perceptions or views are wrong because the other group members see it differently and begin to doubt themselves

Question 54

Stanley Milgram Shock learning

Answer 54

they would shock people if they got the answer wrong and the voltage would increase to a different number each time and it would go higher each time. People are quite willing to obey authority even if it means inflicting great harm on others learning

Question 55

Type of study

Answer 55

Participation observation Him going in and living in these places and experiencing the people Verstehen

Question 56

social theories

Question 57

deviance

Question 58

group dynamics and leadership

Question 59

socialization

Question 60

August comte

Answer 60

Founder of sociology gave science of sociology Emphasized morality and moral progress as the central preoccupation of human knowledge. He wanted improvement in society Developed the concept of positivism

Question 61

Thomas Hobbs

Answer 61

English philosopher and scientist who is considered a founder of modern political philosophy He published Leviathan Early and elaborate development of what has come to be known as social contract theory

Question 62

Margaret Mead

Answer 62

The role of social learning and environmental influences in shaping individuals, arguing that gender rifles and personality traits are not solely determined by biology Co Ming of age in Samoa Growing up in New Guinea Sex and temperament in three primitive societies Male and female Culture and personality Gender roles Child development Visual anthropology Public outreach and education

Question 63

Theodor Adorno

Answer 63

Developing critical theory, a framework that analyzes the role of culture and power in shaping social relations critical theory The culture industry Exchange society Critique of positivism Studies on authoritarianism and antisemitism Influence on sociology Dialectic of enlightenment Minima moralia Negative dialectics Aesthetic theory

Question 64

Max Weber

Answer 64

Foundational figure in sociology Rationalization Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism Ideal types Social action Authority Bureaucracy The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism Economy history Politics as a vocation Science as a vocation The religion of china, the religion of India and ancient Judaism The city The methodology of the social sciences

Question 65

Karl Marx

Answer 65

conflict theory, historical materialism, and the concept of class struggle Conflict theory Historical materialism Class struggle Alienation Critique of capitalism Influence on sociology The communist manifesto Das Kapital The German ideology Contribution to the critique of Hegel philosophy of right Economic and philosophical manuscripts of 1844\ The poverty of philosophy

Question 66

Emilie Durkheim