Socrative questions 1 and 2

Question 1

Which of the following is initiated by a brief touch on the skin?

Answer 1

Receptor potential

Question 2

Which of the following decays over long distances?

Answer 2

passive conduction

Question 3

Selective permeability of the neuronal membrane is mostly due to:

Answer 3

Ion channels

Question 4

Define electrochemical equilibrium

Answer 4

Electrochemical equilibrium is when the potential change across the membrane exactly
offsets the concentration gradient. In other words, it indicates an exact balance between
the two opposing forces of the concentration gradient and electrical gradient.

Question 5

Which of the following is true regarding the simple Nernst equation:

Answer 5

it can predict the equilibrium potential for any one ion

Question 6

In both squid and mammals, the K concentration is higher

Answer 6

Intracellularly

Question 7

Decreasing external potassium K concentration) makes the resting potential more positive?

Answer 7

False

Question 8

The neuronal membrane becomes extremely permeable to Na+ during which phase of the
action potential?

Answer 8

Rising phase and overshoot

Question 9

A negative membrane potential results from

Answer 9

a net efflux of K from the cell

Question 10

sodium potassium pump

Answer 10

3 Na exit, 2K enter

Question 11

In a membrane permeable only to K with both the inside and outside concentration of KCl
being 1 mM, what is the Vm?

Answer 11

0 mV

Question 12

About how many genes are expressed JUST in the brain?

Answer 12

6,000

Question 13

The reticular theory (brain is made up of nets of interconnected cells) was championed by:

Answer 13

Golgi

Question 14

Which of the following are specializations found in Neurons but not in Glia?

Answer 14

Axon or dendrites

Question 15

Which of the following are not found in the central nervous systems?

Answer 15

Schwann Cell

Question 16

Neve cells that carry information from the the brain or spinal cord to the periphery are:

Answer 16

Efferent neuron

Question 17

Sensory components of the nervous system send information to the

Answer 17

CNS

Question 18

White matter refers to which of he following:

Answer 18

Axon tracts

Question 19

Which of the following is true about a synaptic potential?

Answer 19

it is small
it is graded
it can tigger an action potential

Question 20

Glial stem cells are found in both the adult and developing brain

Answer 20

True oligodendrocytes and astrocytes

Question 21

Typically, which of the following contains post-synaptic specializations?

Answer 21

dendritic branches

Question 22

A patient comes into the hospital with a spinal cord injury. Is this a PNS or CNS injury?

Answer 22

CNS

Question 22

Which of the following sends signals to cardiac muscles?

Answer 22

Visceral motor system

Question 23

Which of the following is true regarding pre-mRNA and mature mRNA?

Answer 23

Only mature mRNAs have 3’ and 5’ modifications

Question 24

Which of the following are found in the PNS but not the CNS?

Answer 24

Ganglia and nerves

Question 25

Approximately how many human genes are expressed exclusively/primarily in the brain?

Answer 25

6,000

Question 26

Ion channels are transmembrane proteins. They are crucial for neuronal function. These proteins are translated from mature mRNA via:

Answer 26

ER ribosomes

Question 27

Within one individual, the same DNA is found in neuronal and glial cells.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Which of the following can be included in the definition of a gene? (more than one answer is possible)

Answer 28

located on DNA carry instructions for protein coding RNA carry instructions for functional RNAs like rRNA

Question 29

Local protein synthesis refers to translation that occurs at?

Answer 29

dendrites and axons

Question 30

What are 3 types of techniques that can be used?

Answer 30

Golgi Stain Immunofluorescent Staining Brainbow

Question 31

Give an example of a growth mind set approach that you would like to use in this class.

Answer 31

Failure is and opportunity to grow

Question 32

Which of the following genes is important in the protection of neuronal DNA damage?

Answer 32

SOD1

Question 33

What does epigenetics refer to?

Answer 33

chemical marks or tags on DNA or on histones

Question 34

Which of the following results from singe gene mutations?

Answer 34

Huntingtin's disease

Question 35

In a GWA study, scientists compare lots of genomes of

Answer 35

people with and without a disease