SODIUM AND WATER BALANCE

Question 1

Where is ADH released from?

Answer 1

Posterior Pituitary

Question 2

ADH makes you pee more/less?

Answer 2

Less

Question 3

How does ADH work?

Answer 3

Causes water to be reabsorbed by the kidneys

Question 4

What happens to the concentration and volume of urine if ADH is increased?

Answer 4

Less volume of more concentrated urine

Question 5

What happens to the concentration and volume of urine if ADH is decreased?

Answer 5

More volume, Less concentrated

Question 6

Concentrated urine has high/low osmolarity?

Answer 6

High

Question 7

Dilute urine has high/low osmolarity?

Answer 7

Low

Question 8

Sodium balance is controlled by ______ (from adrenals)

Answer 8

Steroids

Question 9

What steroid is mainly involved in mineralocorticoid activity

Answer 9

Aldosterone

Question 10

Too much steroid activity means sodium …

Answer 10

Gain

Question 11

What is the medical term for low sodium?

Answer 11

Hyponatraemia

Question 12

What are the two components of extracellular fluid?

Answer 12

Plasma and interstitial fluid

Question 13

True/ false

Water can travel in all body compartments?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True/ false

Sodium can travel in all body compartments?

Answer 14

False

Confined to ECF

Question 15

Water follows sodium by _____

Answer 15

Osmosis

Question 16

If there is too much fluid in the ECF compartment your kidneys do what?

Answer 16

Excrete sodium so you lose water wit it

Question 17

What would you give if there is too much sodium?

Answer 17

Remove sodium (add more water)

Question 18

What would you do if there is too little sodium?

Answer 18

Give saline

Question 19

What would you give if there is too much water?

Answer 19

Give water (as dextrose)

Question 20

What is the condition where you have too much ADH?

Answer 20

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

Question 21

What happens when you have SIADH?

Answer 21

The body conserves sodium

Question 22

List symptoms of SIADH?

Answer 22

Hypovolaemia/ Hypotension
Pain
Nausea/ Vomiting

Question 23

What does the clinical sign of oedema signify?

Answer 23

Circulating volume depletion

Question 24

What does a patient with oedema have too much of?

Answer 24

Water and sodium

Question 25

How do you treat oedema?

Answer 25

Loop diuretics (make you pee)

Question 26

In Addison's disease you have reduced cortisol levels. How does this affect sodium and water balance?

Answer 26

Don't have mineralocorticoid activity so kidneys can't retain sodium. Pee sodium out so have TOO LITTLE SODIUM.

Question 27

How does Diabetes Insipidus effect ADH secretion?

Answer 27

Causes DECREASED SECRETION from posterior pituitary

Question 28

If you have diabetes insipidus what happens to your pee?

Answer 28

You pee loads of dilute urine

Question 29

What happens to your sodium in diabetes insipidus?

Answer 29

High as you have low water

Question 30

What do you give in patients with diabetes insipidus?

Answer 30

Decompression (to replace ADH)