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Soil Horizon Suffixes Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Bb

A

Buried horizon

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2
Q

Bg

A

Gleyed Horizon
Wet for extended period of time, grey color

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3
Q

Bk or Bkk

A

Accumulation of pedogenic carbonate, may be part of calcic horizon. Bkk horizons usually almost all white

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4
Q

Bkkm

A

Accumulation of pedogenic carbonate to the point or induration/extremely cemented

May be parto of Petrocalcic horizon

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5
Q

Bq

A

Accumulation of pedogenic silica, may qualify as (part of) duric horizon (duripan)

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6
Q

Bt

A

Accumulation of pedogenic clay (phyllosilicates), may qualify as part of an argillic horizon or kandic horizon

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7
Q

Bw

A

Initial stage of b horizon development, may qualify as part of cambic horizon

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8
Q

By Or Byy

A

Accumulation of pedogenic gypsum, may qualify as part of gypsic horizon

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9
Q

Bz

A

Accumulation of salts more soluble then gypsum

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10
Q

2B

A

Number before master horizon means a change in parent material

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11
Q

AC

A

Two mater horizons stuck together indicate evolution in progress. C horizon is turning into and A, more like a than c

Could be a transitional horizon between A and C

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12
Q

E/B

A

Fragments of one horizon included within the other

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13
Q

Mollic Epipedon

A

Mineral subsurface horizon. Dark color and high organic matter. Thick (>25cm) and soft

Base saturation >50%. Moist at least three months a year. 5c

Grassland soils

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14
Q

Umbric epipedon

A

Umbra, shade

Similar to Mollic but lower base saturation. Areas with higher rainfall, parent material with less calcium and magnesium

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15
Q

Ochric Epipedon

A

Mineral horizon too thin, too light in color, too low in organic matter to he umbric or Mollic. Usually not as deep

Because of low OM, may be hard and massive when dry

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16
Q

Melanic epipedon

A

Melas, black

Horizon that is vary black in color due to high organic matter cone tent. Soils high in minerals such as allophone, developed from volcanic ash

More that’s 30 cm thick and light and fluffy (low bulk density) for mineral soil

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17
Q

Histic Epipedon

A

Histos, tissue

20 to 60 cm thick layer of organic soil materials over mineral soil. Formed in wet areas, peat or much with black to dark brown color, very low bulk density

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18
Q

Argillic horizon

A

Subsurface accumulation of clays that have moved down from upper horizons or formed in place.

Coating on pore walls, surfaces on structural groupings. Clay skins on sand grains

(Bt)

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19
Q

Natric horizon

A

Silicate clay accumulation, but clays are accompanied by more that 15% exchangeable sodium

Columnar or prismatic

Arid and semi arid

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20
Q

Kandic Horizon

A

Bt

Iron and aluminum oxides with low activity silicate clays, clay skins need not be evident. Low in activity, low cation holding.

Epipedon above has usually lost most of its clay

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21
Q

Oxic Horizon

A

Bo
Highly weathered subsurface horizon high in aluminum and iron oxides
<10% weather able minerals in fine fraction

Stable, crumbly, non sticky despite clay content

Humid and tropical regions

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22
Q

Spodic Horizon

A

(Bh,bs) Illuvial horizon characterized by colloidal organic matter and aluminum oxide. Highly leached forest soils in cold environments. Sandy textured patent material.

Black om bh layer over iron and aluminum rich bs

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23
Q

Albic horizon

A

E
Light colored illuvial horizon low in clay and oxides of iron oxides. Have been muved downwards

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24
Q

Placic subsurface

Study These Flashcards
A

Csm
Thin pan cemented with iron or manganese and organic matter

25
Salic
Bz Accumulation or salts
26
Duripan
Bqm Hard pan, strongly cemented by silica
27
Fragipan
Bx Brittle pan, loamy, coarse
28
Aquic
Smr Soil saturated with water and without gaseous oxigen for significant periods of time Gleying and mottling
29
Udic, perudic
Soil moisture high year round most years to meet plant needs. Humid climatic regions. Perudic= even more moisture and leaching
30
Ustic
Soil moisture intermediate between udic and aridic regimes Dry winters, growing season has plant available moisture between drought
31
Aridic, torric
Smr Soil is dry for at least half of growing season. Moist for less that 90 consecutive days. Typical of arid regions Torric=same but hot and dry in summer, not hot in winter
32
Xeric
Smr found in Mediterranean climates Cool moist winters, dry summers. Long periods of drought in summer (unlike ustic)
33
Oi
Least decomposed organic matter
34
Oe
Moderately decomposed organic matter
35
Oa
Highly decomposed organic matter
36
Cryic
Very cold, frozen subsurface
37
Frigid
Above 0c but blow 8c Still cold but not as cold as cryic
38
Mesic
Intermediate temp 8-15c
39
Thermic
15-22c
40
Ranked categories of soil taxonomy
Order Suborder Great group Subgroup Family Series Phase
41
Entisols (ent)
Least developed soil order -any climate (usually dry) -can be productive for agriculture (floodplains and valleys) -clay minerals and iron oxides -least weathered A C
42
Inceptisols (ept)
A Bw C Second least developed -any climate, desert and extreme cold -some accumulation of clays and oxides in b layer, not enough for it to be something else
43
Gelisols (el)
Permafrost, tundra -O,Bw,Bf -Vary high organic matter -Young, little profile development. -Bad for ag, waterlogged and short vowing season) Melt as climate change progresses, collapse
44
Histosols (ist)
Wetland, cold climates Anerobic enviornment stops decomop O,Cgb O layer=peat Young little profile developed Wetland agriculture
45
Mollisols (oll)
Hot summers, cold winters. Middle latitudes Semi arid,but it varries Grassland, rich soil from grass roots Mollic Epipedon -darker thicker High organic matter in A,E even b Base saturation >50% Argillic, natric, calcic Medium soil age Great for farming, good deep soil
46
Alfisol (alf)
Forrests, savanah Lighter surface horizons, clay rich b horizon Clays, silica Medium old High base saturation Farming is good A E Bt Cr
47
Spodosols (od)
Cool and humid Forrest soil leaching Stronger weathering Sandy, little silica, aluminum, iron O, E, Bh, Bs,, C Clays, irons, aluminum oxides Older, in Forrest’s, lots of accumulation Acidic and generally infertile Under pine!
48
Andisols (and)
Volcanism, most climits exept arid and super cold Andic material, volcanic ash, silicate minerals, some oxides Very young, weakly weathered Good for agriculture im humid environments Light fluffy soil, High water holding Nutrient availability exept for P Melanic Epipedon
49
Aridisols (id)
Second most common Only enough water for 90 days consecutive plant growth Accumulation of silica, carbonate, gypsum Can have silt Rich plater vesicular a horizon carbonate accumulation Sometimes argillic b if it’s old Calcic horizon development idocates age
50
Ultisols (ult)
-Old soil surface, often red soils -Moist, warm, tropical climate -argillic and plinthite (bv) horizons -Leaching of base cations -pedogenic minerals, clay and iron -kandic, fe,ai -less weathered than oxisols
51
Oxisols (ox)
Old soils on old land surfaces Reddish Fe and Ai oxides Oxic (Bo) horizon Highly weathered and leached If clays are present, they are low activity Lateritization, leaching by incessant water and deep time, almost all fe and ai abides Warm old wet well drained Oldest
52
Vertisols ert
High in swelling clays, deep cracks in dry soil Grasslands with alternating wet dry, warm, semi arid Shallow granular a. Bss Deep clay rich slickenslides a and c Calcium magnesium rich parent paternal Young/intermediate Challenges with farming
53
Podzolic
International terms for spodic (bs)
54
Bauxite
An accumulation of several aluminum oxide minerals. Extensive leaching in warm tropical environment (oxisols)
55
Cambic horizon
Bw Diagnostic subsurface horizon with incepient soil genesis Different from a and c only in slight diff in structure color texture
56
Laterite
Accumulation of several variably hydrated iron oxide minerals formed as result of leaching. Warm tropical climate (oxisols)
57
Podzolization
Process that spodosols form
58
V horizon
Desert soil horizon formed at surface by wind blow dust, often under desert pavement and microbial mat

Soils (4 decks)

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