Soil Microbiology Chp 1

Question 1

What is Soil Microbiology

Answer 1

The study of soil organisms and their environment

Question 2

What are two main characteristics of soil as a habitat

Answer 2

Heterogeneous, competition

Question 3

What are the 5 characteristics of living cells

Answer 3

self feeding/ nutrition, self-replicating/ growth, differentiation, chemical signaling, evolution

Question 4

What are the three classifications of organisms

Answer 4

bacteria, archaea, and eucarya

Question 5

Who was the first person to report descriptions of microorganisms in details

Dutch lensmaker

Answer 5

Antonius van Leewenhoek

Question 6

What are the two questions answered in the 19th century

Answer 6

Does spontaneous generation occur? What is the origin of contagious diseases?

Question 7

What are some of Louis Pasteur’s discoveries

Answer 7

Discovered cure for anthrax and rabies, pasteurization, studied microbial fermentation in releation to anaerobic metabolism

Question 8

Who created germ theory

Answer 8

Robert Koch

Question 9

Who is the father of Soil Microbiology

Discovered formation of mycorrhiza by fungi and plant roots

characterized nitrifying bacteria

Answer 9

Sergei Winogradsky

Question 10

Who is the father of soil microbiology in the US

Proposed the concept of soil as a living entity

Answer 10

Jacob Lipman

Question 11

Who isolated the legume root nodulation bacteria

Answer 11

Beijerinck

Question 12

Who discovered streptomyacin

Answer 12

Selman Waksman

Question 13

What sizes of pores can microorganisms reside in

Answer 13

0.25 to 6 micrometers

Question 14

What are the soil horizons

Answer 14

O, A, E, B, and C

Question 15

What are the 5 major components of soil

Answer 15

Mineral matter, water, air, OM, living organisms

Question 16

What are the 5 factors for soil formation

Answer 16

Biota, climate, topography, parent material, time

Question 17

What are the two major nutrients that are deficient in early stages of formation

Answer 17

C/N

Question 18

What are the initial colonizers in soil formation

Answer 18

Cyanobacteria

Question 19

What are the soil physical characteristics

5

Answer 19

Texture, density, pores, structure, aggregation

Question 20

What is the Bulk Density equation

Answer 20

mass of soil solids/ volume of soil and pores

Question 21

What is the average particle density

Answer 21

2.65 g/cm^3

Question 22

What are the five classes of pore sizes

Answer 22

Macropores, mesopores, micropores, ultramicropores, cyptopores

Question 23

What factors affect soil pore space

Answer 23

Texture and aggregates

Question 24

What are soil chemical characteristics

Answer 24

pH, AEC and CEC

Question 25

What pH favors fungi

Answer 25

<7

Question 26

What pH favors actinomycetes

Answer 26

>7

Question 27

What is AEC and CEC

Answer 27

ability of soil to hold positive or negative ions

Question 28

What are the two sources of charges in soil

Answer 28

Isomorphic substitution and broken edges

Question 29

What is matric potential

Answer 29

attraction of water to solid surfaces

Question 30

What is osmotic potential

Answer 30

potential of water to move from a hypotonic solution

Question 31

How many ATP of formed per molecule of NADH

Answer 31

3

Question 32

How many ATP are produced per molecule of FADH

Answer 32

2

Question 33

What is the electron receptor in an oxic soil

Answer 33

02

Question 35

What are the microbial groups based on temperature growth

Answer 35

Psychrophile, Mesophile, Thermophile

Question 36

What is the temperature range of a Psychrophile

Answer 36

0-20 C

Question 37

What is the temperature range of a mesophile

Answer 37

20-40 C

Question 38

What is the temperature range of a thermophile

Answer 38

above 40 C

Question 39

What are some factors that affect soil temperature | gaining

Answer 39

Solar radiation, latitude, season, time of day, slope, biological activity,

Question 40

What are some factors that affect soil temperature (losses)

Answer 40

conduction of heat with the atmosphere, water evaporation, radiation from soil

Question 41

What is the specific heat of soil

Answer 41

0.25 to 0.30