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Flashcards in solar system and the sun Deck (36)
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1
Q

the solar nebula theory

about 5 billion years ago, _________ begun to contract through gravity and formed ____

A

a massive cloud of gas and dust / masses

2
Q

the solar nebula theory

______ in the center of the mass ______

A

temperature and pressure / increases

3
Q

the solar nebula theory

center becomes a ______

A

protostar

4
Q

the solar nebula theory

____ _____ occurs between hydrogen nuclei in the center

A

nuclear fusion

5
Q

the solar nebula theory

sun begins to form– starts ____

A

shining

6
Q

the solar nebula theory

remaining materials around the sun lump together to form ____

A

planets

7
Q

supporting evidence for the solar nebula theory

planets orbit the sun in the ___ _______

A

same direction

8
Q

supporting evidence for the solar nebula theory

most planets orbit the sun on the ___ ____

A

same plane

9
Q

supporting evidence for the solar nebula theory

most planets rotate in the ___ _____

A

same direction

10
Q

core

____ part

A

inner

11
Q

core

high ______ and _____

A

pressure / temperature

12
Q

core

_______________ occurs

A

nuclear fusion of hydrogen

13
Q

produce a huge amount of ______

A

energy

14
Q

radioactive zone

all energy is carried outwards by radiation in ____ _______

A

all directions

15
Q

radioactive zone

energy takes more than ______ years to reach sun’s surface

A

100 000

16
Q

convective zone

hot plasma rises, carrying ____ towards the surface. after it cools it falls and repeats the process

A

energy

17
Q

convective zone

what is convection?

A

the constant circulation of plasma

18
Q

photosphere

what is “photo”?

A

light, visible surface

19
Q

what is the photosphere?

A

the part of the sun we see from earth

20
Q

photosphere

sends ___ and ____ to earth

A

light / heat

21
Q

where are the sunspots?

A

photosphere

22
Q

chromosphere

what is “chromo”?

A

coloured

23
Q

corona

_____ layer, outermost ______

A

outermost / atmosphere

24
Q

when is the corona most clearly visible?

A

during a solar eclipse

25
Q

corona

____ _____ occurs

A

solar wind

26
Q

what is a sunspot?

A

area of strong magnetic field on sun’s surface

27
Q

what is the effect of a sunspot?

A

creates a lower temperature region in the sun

28
Q

what is prominence?

A

a slow, low energy ejection of gases from the surface and form a loop outwards into the atmosphere

29
Q

what is the effect of prominence?

A

minimal effect on earth

30
Q

what is a solar flare?

A

intense ejection of high- energy charged particles into space

31
Q

what is the effect of a solar flare?

A

increases the strength of a solar wind

32
Q

what is a coronal mass ejection (CME)?

A

large clouds of extremely high speed charged particles erupted from corona

33
Q

what is the effect of a CME?

A

damages power grids, satellites and communications

34
Q

what is a solar wind?

A

a steady stream of high speed charged subatomic particles flowing out of the sun in all directions

35
Q

what are 3 effects of a solar wind?

A
  • affects flight paths and damages electronic equipment on spacecraft
  • damages power grids, satellites and communications
  • creates aurora borealis
36
Q

what are the 6 layers of the sun (inner => outer)

A
  • core
  • radiative zone
  • convective zone
  • photosphere
  • chromosphere
  • corona