Sole of the Foot Flashcards
Abductor Hallucis
Intrinsic or Extrinsic? Which layer? Origin Insertion Nerve supply Action
Intrinsic
First layer
Origin: Medial tuberosity of calcaneum and flexor retinaculum
Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of the hallux
Nerve supply: Medial plantar nerve
Action: Flexes and abducts hallux; braces medial longitudinal arch
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Intrinsic or Extrinsic? Which layer? Origin Insertion Nerve supply Action
Intrinsic
First layer
Origin: Medial tuberosity of calcaneum
Insertion: Four tendons to four lateral toes – inserted into borders of middle phalanx: tendons perforated by those of flexor digitorum longus
Nerve supply: Medial plantar nerve
Action: Flexes lateral four toes; braces medial and lateral longitudinal arches
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Intrinsic or Extrinsic? Which layer? Origin Insertion Nerve supply Action
Intrinsic
First layer
Origin: Medial and lateral tuberosities of calcaneum
Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe
Nerve supply: Lateral plantar nerve
Action: Flexes and abducts 5th toe; braces lateral longitudinal arch
Quadratus Plantae
Intrinsic or Extrinsic? Which layer? Origin Insertion Nerve supply Action
Intrinsic
Second layer
Origin: Medial and lateral sides of calcaneum
Insertion: Tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Nerve supply: Lateral plantar nerve
Action: Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral 4 toes
Lumbricals
How many? Intrinsic or Extrinsic? Which layer? Origin Insertion Nerve supply Action
Four
Intrinsic
Second layer
Origin: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Insertion: Dorsal extensor expansion; bases of proximal phalanges of lateral four toes
Nerve supply: First lumbrical medial plantar nerve; remainder lateral plantar nerve
Action: Extends toes at interphalangeal joints
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Intrinsic or Extrinsic? Which layer? Origin Insertion Nerve supply Action
Intrinsic
Third layer
Origin: Cuboid, lateral cuneiform, tibialis posterior insertion
Insertion: Medial tendon into medial side of base of proximal phalanx of the hallux; lateral tendon into lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of the hallux
Nerve supply: Medial plantar nerve
Action: Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of the hallux; supports medial longitudinal arch
Adductor Hallucis
Intrinsic or Extrinsic? Which layer? Origin Insertion Nerve supply Action
Intrinsic
Third layer
Origin: Oblique head bases of 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsal bones; transverse head plantar ligaments
Insertion: Lateral side base proximal phalanx of the hallux
Nerve supply: Deep branch lateral plantar nerve
Action: Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of the hallux; holds together metatarsal bones
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Intrinsic or Extrinsic? Which layer? Origin Insertion Nerve supply Action
Intrinsic
Third layer
Origin: Base of 5th metatarsal bone
Insertion: Lateral side base of proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
Nerve supply: Lateral plantar nerve
Action: Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of little toe
Dorsal Interossei
How many? Intrinsic or Extrinsic? Which layer? Origin Insertion Nerve supply Action
Four
Intrinsic
Fourth layer
Origin: Adjacent sides of metatarsal bones
Insertion: Bases of proximal phalanges – first medial side 2nd toe; remainder lateral sides 2nd, 3rd and 4th toes – also dorsal extensor expansion
Nerve supply: Lateral plantar nerve
Action: Abduction to toes; flexes metatarsophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints
Plantar Interossei
How many? Intrinsic or Extrinsic? Which layer? Origin Insertion Nerve supply Action
Three
Intrinsic
Fourth
Origin: Inferior surfaces of 3rd, 4th and 5th metatarsal bones
Insertion: Medial side of bases of proximal phalanges of lateral 3 toes
Nerve supply: Lateral plantar nerve
Action: Adduction of toes; flexes metatarsophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal
joints
