Solid Dosage Forms Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
Intimate mixtures of dry, finely divided drugs and or chemicals (internal or external use)
A
POWDERS
2
Q
Advantages of Powders
A
flexibility in compounding
3
Q
disadvantages of powders
A
easily wetted by liquids, inaccuracy of dose, not for hygroscopic
4
Q
mortar and pestle (small scale)
A
Trituration or Comminution
5
Q
cutter mill, roller mill, hammer mill (large scale)
A
Milling
6
Q
form a smooth paste (L agent: mineral oil, glycerine, propylene glycol)
A
Levigation
7
Q
addition of a volatile solvent (camphor + OH, iodine crystals + ether
A
Pulverization with Intervention
8
Q
(no. 8 particle size)
A
Very Coarse
9
Q
(no. 20 particle size)
A
Coarse
10
Q
(no. 40 particle size)
A
Moderately Coarse
11
Q
(no. 60 particle size)
A
Fine
12
Q
(no. 80 particle size)
A
Very Fine
13
Q
for potent substances
A
Geometric dilution
14
Q
Blending Powders includes:
A
- Trituration
- Spatulation
- Sifting/Lifting
- Tumbling
- Geometric dilution
15
Q
Substances that form eutectic mixtures:
A
Camphor, Menthol, Thymol, Aspirin, Phenyl salicylate
16
Q
Inert diluents to prevent eutexia:
A
Light magnesium oxide, Magnesium carbonate
17
Q
intended to be used internally or externally
A
Medicated Powders
18
Q
administered by inhalation with the aid of dry powder inhalers
A
Aerosol Powders
19
Q
medicated preparations provided to the patient in bulk non potent medicaments
A
Bulk Powders
20
Q
also antibiotic syrups reconstituted before use
A
Oral
21
Q
cleansing and polishing the teeth; may contain fluoride
A
Dentifrices
22
Q
intended for the cavity
A
Douches
23
Q
formulated in sifter top
A
Dusting Powders
24
Q
medicated powders designed to be blown into the ear, nose, throat or body cavities by means of a device known as an insufflator
A
Insufflations
25
the finely powdered, medicinal substance is ground for a certain time in a mortar and pestle with a certain proportion of sugar and milk
Triturations
26
“chartula” each dose is separately wrapped in paper or sealed in a sachet (for
Divided Powders
27
no moisture resistant properties
White bond
28
limited moisture resistant qualities
Vegetable parchment
29
moisture resistant paper
Glassine
30
waterproof
Waxed
31
SDF in which medicinal agents and or inert substances are enclosed in a small shell of gelatin
CAPSULE
32
It is prepared by the enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen, which is the main protein constituent of connective tissues in animal bones and skin
Gelatin
33
(acid hydrolysis of porcine skin)
Gelatin A
34
(base hydrolysis of bovine bones)
Gelatin B
35
measure of gelatin rigidity ( HGC: 200-250g; SGC: 150g)
Bloom strength
36
used in extemporaneous compounding, shell made from gelatin + sugar + water
Hard Gelatin Capsules
37
moisture conc of hard gelatin caps
12-15/ 13-16% moisture
38
adding 0.15% sulfur dioxide in HGC (capsules)
to prevent decomposition during manufacture
39
processes involving HGC
Punch Method, Hand operated Filling Machine
40
made of gelatin + glycerin or polyhydric alcohol (sorbitol) for elasticity and plasticity
Soft Gelatin Capsules
41
moisture conc of soft gelatin caps
5-8/6-10% moisture
42
SGC are used for:
Water immiscible volatile and non volatile liquids
Water miscible non volatile liquids
Water miscible and relatively non volatile compounds
43
processes involving SGC (capsules)
1. Plate process
2. Rotary die process
3. Reciprocating die process
4. Accogel Capsule Machine
44
mixture of active substances and excipients, usually in powder form, compacted into a solid
TABLET
45
made by (Wet granulation, Dry granulation, Direct compression)
COMPRESSED TABLETS
46
sugar for palatability; adds 50% to tablet bulk
Sugar Coated
47
broken and chewed before ingestion ; mannitol (50% of tablet bulk); xylitol (sugar free)
Chewable Tablets
48
coated with a thin layer of a polymer capable of forming a skinlike film; less bulky
Film Coated
49
disintegrate in intestinal fluid ; delayed release
Enteric Coated (ECT)
50
compressing the fill material more than once
Multiple Compressed
51
( multiple layered)
Layered
52
coated/Dry coated ( tablet within a tablet)
Press coated/Dry coated
53
aka prolonged re lease or sustained release ; releases the med over a period of time
Controlled Release (CR)
54
ex. Halazone tablets and KMnO 4 tablets for solution
Tablets for Solution
55
compressed granular effervescent salts; Na bicarbonate + citric acid + tartaric acid
Effervescent Tablets
56
dissolved at the buccal/cheeks of the mouth
Buccal Tablets
57
dissolved under the tongue
Sublingual Tablets
58
designed to release their medication with no rate controlling features
Immediate Release
59
have drug release features based on time, course, and/or location
Modified Release
60
aka Controlled Release ; release medication over an extended period
Extended Release
61
release at a time other than promptly after administration
Delayed Release
62
2 single doses, one for immediate, another for delayed
Repeat Action
63
directed towards a region, tissue, or site of absorption
Targeted Release
64
small, usually cylindrical tablet w/ small amounts of potent drugs
MOLDED TABLETS/TABLET TRITURATE
65
aka Compounding Tablets ; for extemporaneous compounding, never dispensed as DF
Dispensing Tablets (DT)
66
no longer used because of the difficult y in achieving sterility
Hypodermic Tablets (HT)
67
aka Vaginal inserts ; bullet or ovoid shaped inserted for local or systemic effects
Vaginal Tablets
68
Contains one or more medicinal agents in a flavoured, sweetened base intended to dissolve
slowly in the mouth
Lozenges
69
Sugar based lozenges on a stick and contain fentanyl citrate
Lollipops
70
Compressed lozenges; discoid shaped
Troches
71
Molded lozenges, Softer and has a higher concentration of sugar or gelatin
Pastilles
72
SDF other than suppositories for insertion to body orifices
Inserts
73
Small, sterile SDF containing a concentrated drug for SC implantation where it continuously
release the medication over long periods
Implants/Pellets
74
Lactose
```
Coarse granular (60
80)
Regular (100)
Spray
dried (100 120)
```
75
Advantages of lactose:
```
Inexpensive
Readily soluble
High MP (202°C)
Advantages of spray dried:
Flows readily (spherical granules)
Flow maintained even when wet
granulated
No need for binders
For direct compression method
```
76
Disadvantages of lactose
Lubricants required
Binders may have to be added when
other substances interfere with
cohesion
77
advantages of starches
```
Also used as binders and disintegrants
Provide moisture balance even though
moisture content is 12 14%
Stabilize hygroscopic drugs (protect
them from deterioration)
```
78
advantages of mannitol
For water sensitive drugs
For chewable (sweet, negative heat of
solution cooling sensation
79
disadvantages of mannitol
Expensive
80
advantages of sorbitol
For direct tableting
81
disadvantages of sorbitol
Very hygroscopic above 65% RH
82
advantages of sucrose
Provide additional sweetness
Serves as binder (cohesive)
Contributes to dissolution (readily
soluble)
83
disadvantages of sucrose
Somewhat hygroscopic (should only be
in small ratio)
Turns brown with acidic or basic subst
84
advantages of Microcrystalline Cellulose
| Avicel
For direct compression
At 5 15% conc in wet granulations:
a. Minimizes tablet hardening
b. Reduces mottling
85
disadvantages of Microcrystalline Cellulose
| Avicel
Needs lubricant (when drug is present)
| Expensive
86
provide mechanical strength
Binders/Granulators
87
10-20% w/w
Starch Paste
88
10-20% w/w
Aqueous gelatin solution
89
25-50% w/w
Aqueous glucose solution
90
5% w/w
Alcoholic solution of ethylcellulose
91
Acacia, Alginic acid, Compressible sugar (Nu Tab), Povidone
Others
92
Starches
Corn and Potato
93
Clays
Bentonite and Veegum
94
Cellulose
Methylcellulose, Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose, Microcrystalline cellulose
95
Algins
Alginic acid and sodium alginate
96
Gums
Locust bean, karaya, guar, tragacanth, agar
97
Effervescent mixtures
Disintegrates rapidly
98
Enables to flow from hopper
Glidants
99
Prevent adhesion to dies and punches
Reduce friction
Release tablet from die
May improve flow
Lubricants
100
Prevent residue films on punches
Antiadhesives
101
examples of glidants
Silicon dioxide (Cabosil)/Colloidal silica
Cornstarch
Talc
102
examples of lubricants
Talc
Stearates
Mineral oil
Stearic acid
103
examples of antiadhesives
Magnesium stearate
| Talc
