solid matter

Question 1

what is solid matter?

Answer 1

-the materials that are suspended or dissolved in water.
-they can be cleaned physically through filtration or evaporation.

Question 2

what are the two types of solid matter?

Answer 2

1-filterable(a-settleable and b-nonsettleable)
2-nonfiltreable

Question 3

what are nonsettleable solids?

Answer 3

they are the solids that fail to settle out in a specific time period.

Question 4

what is another classification-according to what they are based off of-of solid matter? Explain.

Answer 4

organic and non organic. organic matter is based of C, they are burnable and the estimated organic fraction is 500-+50 Celsius to volatilize the organics.
inorganic matter is based of minerals and it wont burn.

Question 4

what is another classification-according to what they are based off of-of solid matter? Explain.

Answer 4

organic and non organic. organic matter is based of C, they are burnable and the estimated organic fraction is 500-+50 Celsius to volatilize the organics.
inorganic matter is based of minerals and it wont burn.

Question 5

what’s total solids?

Answer 5

matter that remains as residue after evaporation at 103-105 Celsius.(dissolved solids+suspended solids=total s.)

Question 6

explain dissolved solids. explain there qualities.

Answer 6

-pore diameter: 20 µm<
-more dissolved solids=more hardness
-most solids in water are dissolved like: organic salts,organic matter and dissolved gasses.
-organic sources: leaves, silt, plankton,industrial waste/sewage.
-inorganic sources: rocks; CaHCO3, N2, S2, Fe2P from air
-other sources: runoff, road salts, pesticides and fertilizers.

Question 7

explain how to measure total solids.

Answer 7

by drying the sample carried out at 103-105 C in an oven.(M(solids)=M(pan)+M(solids)-M(pan))

Question 8

whats the temperature of the oven used in the analysis of dissolved solids?

Answer 8

180 C

Question 9

why is higher temperatures is used to remove solids?

Answer 9

-to be able to remove all mechanically bound water and because of organic matter is generally at very low concentrations, the losses from high drying temperatures are negligible.
-the amount of suspended colloidal and larger substances in all other liquids increases with less degree of contamination.

Question 10

what are total fixed solids?

Answer 10

the residue of total, suspended or dissolved solids after heating dryness for a specified time at a specified temperature.(500-+50 C)

Question 11

what are settleable solids?

Answer 11

the material settling out of suspension within a defined period

Question 12

what are the factors affecting seperation of suspended from dissolved solids?

Answer 12

-type of filter holder
-pore size
-perosity, area, thickness of the filter
-physical nature
-particle size
-amount of material deposited on the filter

Question 13

what is the limit of dissolved solids in drinking water?

Answer 13

500 mg/L

Question 14

what are total volatile solids?

Answer 14

solids that get volatilized and burned off when TS are ignited at 550-+50 C

Question 15

what is organic matter?

Answer 15

in order to determine solids in domestic ww, industrial ww and sludge samples we need to have a measure of the organic matter in it. and its determined by combustion. weight loss thats caused by evaporation with high temperatures is called organic matter.

Question 16

what are volatile organics?

Answer 16

volatile organics are the number of specific trace organic compounds that can be easily removed from solutions w/simple room temperature ventilation. they can not be measured by solid tests bc they get seperated from the solution during evaporation and drying.

Question 17

what type of solid gets decomposed at the temperature of 550 C?

Answer 17

volatile solids

Question 18

in what type of determination the dissolved inorganic salts are not taken into account and why?

Answer 18

volatile solids determination. because they are removed by the filtration process.

Question 19

in sludge analysis, what is the general form of ammonium compounds?

Answer 19

ammonium bicarbonates. NH₄HCO₃

Question 20

in what temperature does CaCO3 decomposes?

Answer 20

over 825 C. its the largest component of inorganic salts normally found in samples for volatile solid analysis.

Question 21

what are total suspended solids?

Answer 21

the amount of total solids retained on the filter with specified pore size (1,58), measured after drying at 105 C. Whatman glass fiber filter

Question 22

what are volatile suspended solids?

Answer 22

solids that can be volatilized and burned off when total suspended solids are ignited at 500-+50 C

Question 23

what are total dissolved solids?

Answer 23

solids that can pass the filter and then evaporate and get dried at specific temperatures. it consists of colloidal (0.001-1m) and dissolved solids

Question 24

what are settleable solids?

Answer 24

suspended solids that will settle out of suspension within a specified period of time (mL/L)

Question 25

why are susp-ended solids important to env.eng.?

Answer 25

-they can create color, bad smell and bad taste in water
-some dissolved organic chemicals can deplete dissolved oxygen in water
-some dissolved organic chemicals can be carcinogenic

Question 26

explain how to measure total dissolved solids

Answer 26

1- take a clean porcelain dish that has been sterilized in a hot oven at 180 C for an hour
2-weigh the empty dish in an analytical balance
3-mix the sample and pour it to a funnel with filter paper
4- filter 80-100 mL of the sample
5- with a pipette, transfer 75 mL of filtered sample in the porcelain dish
6-start the oven to 105 Celsius and regulate it often
7- place the porcelain dish in the oven
8- dry the sample (1-2 hours) to get constant mass
8-cool the container in a desiccator
9- after cooling, weigh the the dish as quick as possible