Solid: Tableting & Coating

Question 1

Compression of tablet components within a die cavity by pressure exerted by movement of 2 punches

Answer 1

Tableting

Question 2

Tableting Machine

Answer 2

Single Punch Press (Eccentric Press) - 200 tab/min
Multistation Press (Rotary Press) - >10,000tab/min

Question 3

Parts of Tableting Machine

Answer 3

Hopper
Feed Shoe/Feed Frame
Die
Punches (Upper, Lower)
Cam Tracks

Question 4

Part of tableting machine that holds the material

Answer 4

Hopper

Question 5

Part of tableting machine that transfer materials from hopper to die

Answer 5

Feed Shoe or Feed Frame

Question 6

Part of tableting machine that defines the size and shape

Answer 6

Die

Question 7

Part of tableting machine that compress the materials within the die

Answer 7

Punches

Upper Punch: Compression
Lower Punch: Ejection

Question 8

Part of tableting machine that guides the movement of punches

Answer 8

Cam Tracks

Question 9

Flowability problems

Answer 9

Arching/Bridging – arch-shaped obstruction forms above hopper outlet

Rat-Holing – discharge takes place only above hopper outlets

Question 10

Forms a stable, compact mass when pressure is applied

Answer 10

Compressibility

Question 11

Reserved for a small group of crystalline chemicals having the physical characteristics required for the formation of good tablet

Answer 11

Direct Compression

Question 12

Examples of Direct Compression

Answer 12

Potassium salts
Ammonium Salts
Methenamine
Sodium Salts

Question 13

Diluents used in Direct Compression

Answer 13

MCC
Spray Dried Lactose (Anhydrous)

Question 14

Application of coating material to a moving bed of solids with concurrent use of heated air to facilitate evaporation of the solvent

Answer 14

Coating

Question 15

Types of Coating Processes

Answer 15

1. Sugar Coating
2. Film Coating

Question 16

Equipment used in coating

Answer 16

A. Standard Coating Pan – consists of a rotating circular metal pan with ducts
Methods:
o Pan Pouring – for viscous solutions; problem: surface erosion
o Pan Spraying – increases efficiency

B. Perforated Coating Pan – exhaustion is through the perforations
C. Fluidized Bed Coater

Question 17

Steps in Sugar Coating

Answer 17

Sealing
Subcoating
Smoothing
Color coating
Polishing

Question 18

Water proofing; strengthens tablet core by preventing water penetration

Answer 18

Sealing

Question 19

Agents used in Sealing of Sugar Coat

Answer 19

Shellac
Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP)
Polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP)

Question 20

Round off tablet, Addition of 3 to 5 subcoats of sugar-based syrups, increase in 50 - 100% weight

Answer 20

Subcoating

Question 21

Application of simple syrup solution (60-70%), used to obtain smooth surface

Answer 21

Smoothing

Question 22

Application of multiple syrup solutions containing appropriate colorant, most critical

Answer 22

Color coating

Question 23

Three phases of Color Coating

Answer 23

Grossing – develops color
Heavy Syruping – builds up color
Regular Syruping – final color

Question 24

Addition of waxes, produces gloss/shine

Answer 24

Polishing

Question 25

Waxes used in polishing

Answer 25

Beeswax Carnauba Wax Candelila Wax Hard Paraffin Wax

Question 26

Addition of thin layer of polymer; increase in weight by 2-3%

Answer 26

Film coating

Question 27

Components of Film-Coated Tablet

Answer 27

Film Former Alloying Substance Plasticizer Surfactant Glossant Volatile Solvent Opaquants and colorant Sweeteners, flavors, and Aromas

Question 28

Produces smooth, thin films

Answer 28

Film Former

Question 29

Provides water solubility or permeability

Answer 29

Alloying Substance

Question 30

Produce flexibility and elasticity

Answer 30

Plasticizer

Question 31

Enhance spreadability of film during application

Answer 31

Surfactant

Question 32

Provide sheen or gloss to the tablets

Answer 32

Glossant

Question 33

Allow spread of other components over the tablets while allowing evaporation to permit an effective & speedy operation

Answer 33

Volatile Solvent

Question 34

Make the tablets distinctive and aesthetically appearing

Answer 34

Opaquants and Colorants

Question 35

Enhance the acceptability of the tablet by the patient

Answer 35

Sweeteners, flavors, aromas

Question 36

Agents used in Film Coated Tablet Components

Answer 36

Film Former - Cellulose acetate pthalate Alloying Substance - Polyethylene glycol Plasticizer - Castor Oil, glycerin Surfactant - Spans & Tweens, Polyoxythylene sorbitan derivatives Glossant - Beeswax Volatile Solvent - Alcohol, Acetone Opaquants and colorant - TiO2, FD&C Dyes Sweeteners, flavors, and Aromas - Saccharin, Vanillin