SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND GAS

Question 1

Condensed phase

Answer 1

Refers to solid and liquid states

Question 2

IMF strength based on physical state

Answer 2

Gasses have weaker IMF due to larger distances, solids and liquids have stronger IMF from closer molecules

Question 3

Intermolecular force

Answer 3

Bonds between different molecules

Question 4

Intramolecular force

Answer 4

Bonds between atoms

Question 5

London dispersion

Answer 5

Temporary attractive force due to temporary formation of dipoles in non polar molecules and present in all molecules

Question 6

Dipole-dipole

Answer 6

Attractive forces between one end of a positive molecule and one end of negative molecule

Question 7

Hydrogen bond

Answer 7

When hydrogen atoms bind to an electronegative F, O, N

Question 8

Why is water more dense in liquid than solid

Answer 8

The water molecules are pushed farther apart when it is ice. Whereas when its liquid, each H2O molecule only bonds to some H bond so molecule stays closer together = more dense

Question 9

What’s so special about ionic bonds

Answer 9

They do not have IMF so they exhibit high melting and boiling points

Question 10

Order of strength of IMF

Answer 10

London dispersion –> Dipole –> Hydrogen –> Ionic

Question 11

Surface tension

Answer 11

Resistance of a liquid to increase its surface area caused by an uneven pull toward center of liquid

Question 12

Capillary action

Answer 12

Phenomenon that liquids simultaneously enter and rise up on narrow glass tube

Question 13

Adhesive force

Answer 13

IMF that form meniscus between glass and liquid

Question 14

Cohesive force

Answer 14

IMF that form bump between liquid molecules

Question 15

Viscosity

Answer 15

Resistance of a liquid to flow impacted by strong IMF and temperature

Question 16

High viscosity

Answer 16

= Strong IMF = molecules are attracted strongly and dont move as much

Question 17

Low viscosity

Answer 17

= Weak IMF = molecules are not as attracted strong and move easily

Question 18

Phase transitions (6)

Answer 18

• Freezing/fusion: Liquid –> solid
• Melting: Solid –> Liquid
• Condensation: Gas –> liquid
• Vaporization: Liquid –> gas
• Sublimation: Solid –> gas
• Deposition: Gas –> solid

Question 19

Vapor pressure

Answer 19

When rates of evaporation and condensation are equal and the pressure above liquid is constant

Question 20

Normal boiling point

Answer 20

The temperature at which its vapour pressure is equal to 1atm (Pvap1 in Clausius)

Question 21

What do the delta Vap H circle mean

Answer 21

Energy required to vaporize 1 mol

Question 22

Clausius-Clapeyron equation

Answer 22

ln(pvap2/pvap1) =-deltavapH/R(1/T2-1/T1)
- T should be in Kelvin

Question 23

Trends of phase transition

Answer 23

Some phase transitions in opposite directions have some energy with opposite signs

Question 24

Heating curve

Answer 24

Temperature response of substance when heat is added at a constant rate

Question 25

Critical point

Answer 25

The highest temperature and pressure point where pure material can exist in equilibrium

Question 26

Beyond critical point

Answer 26

Substance is indistinguishable in physical state

Question 27

Triple point

Answer 27

Temperature and pressure point where the 3 phase coexist

Question 28

Supercritical fluid

Answer 28

Combination of 2 fluids merging

Question 29

Isobar

Answer 29

Constant pressure

Question 30

Isotherm

Answer 30

Constant temperature

Question 31

What do u have to do in the Clausius equation with e^

Answer 31

x1000 cause it will be like 0.00222