Solids, Liquids, and Gases Flashcards
(38 cards)
states/phases of matter
solid, gas, liquid
kinetic theory
explains how particles in matter behave (particle behavior model)
all matter is composed of…
small particles
particles move in a…
random, constant motion
particles collide with…
each other and the walls of their containers
thermal energy
total energy of a materials particles, causing the particles to vibrate in place
average kinetic energy
temperature of a substance or how fast the particles are moving (low temperature, slow movement)
solid state
particles are closely packed together in a specific geometric arrangement called a crystal lattice
liquid state
a solid begins to liquefy at its melting point as the particles gain enough energy to overcome their ordered arrangement
heat of fusion
energy required to reach the melting point
liquid particles have more ______ between them allowing them to _____ & __________.
space, flow & take the shape of their container.
gaseous state
liquid particles have enough energy to overcome the attractive forces in other particles of the liquid (no definite shape/volume)
heat of vaporization
the energy required for a liquid to turn into a gas
at the boiling point…
the pressure of a liquids vapor is equal to the pressure of the atmosphere causing the liquid to turn into a soild
diffusion
the process in which gas particles spread evenly throughout their container
heating curve of a liquid
as a solid melts and a liquid vaporizes, the temperature remains the same
constant
temperature will increase when the attractive forces of the earlier state have been overcome
plasma
the most common state of matter consisting of high-temperature gas with balanced positively and negatively charged particals
thermal expansion
the increase in a size of a substance as temperature increases
expansion and contraction occur in ______ solids, liquids, and gases
most
water is an exception to thermal expansion because it…
expands when it turns into a soild.
amorphous solid
lack the tightly ordered structure found in crystals, do not have a specific temperature in which they turn to solid or liquid, examples including wax, obsidian, plastic, glass
buoyancy
the ability of a fluid (liquid or gas) to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it
buoyancy (float)
weights less than the buoyant force acting on it
