Solids, Liquids and Gases Flashcards
(25 cards)
1
Q
What is a solid?
A
- Particles are uniform in arrangement
- Close together
- Vibrating on the spot
- Strong bonds
- Fixed shape and volume
2
Q
What is a liquid?
A
- Particles are not uniform in arrangement
- Small gaps between particles
- Little kinetic energy
- Weaker bonds
- No fixed shape
- Fixed volume
3
Q
What is a gas?
A
- Particles are not uniform in arrangement
- Lots of space between particles
- Lots of kinetic energy
- Weakest bonds
- No fixed shape
- No fixed volume
4
Q
What is density?
A
- The mass per unit volume
- m/v
5
Q
What is volume?
A
- The amount of space an object occupies
- Measured with a ruler or a eureka can in cm cubed
6
Q
What is the conservation of mass?
A
- No mass is gained or lost during a change of state
7
Q
What is melting?
A
- The process of a solid turning into a liquid
8
Q
What is freezing?
A
- The process of a liquid turning into a solid
9
Q
What is boiling?
A
- The process of a liquid turning into a gas at boiling point
10
Q
What is condensing?
A
- The process of a gas turning into a liquid
11
Q
What is sublimating?
A
- The process of a solid turning into a gas
12
Q
What is potential energy?
A
- The energy the particles have when far apart from each other
13
Q
What is internal energy?
A
- The total kinetic and potential energy the particles have in a system
14
Q
What is specific heat capacity?
A
- The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C or 1K
- Q = mcΔT
15
Q
What is gas pressure?
A
- The force of gas particles colliding with the walls of its container per unit area
16
Q
How can gas pressure be increased?
A
- By compressing or heating to increase force and number of collisions per unit area
17
Q
How can gas pressure be decreased?
A
- By expanding or cooling to decrease force and number of collisions per unit area
18
Q
What is absolute zero?
A
- 0K
- -273 degrees Celsius
19
Q
What happens when heat energy is supplied to a gas?
A
- Increases the average speed of molecules
- Increases the average KE of molecules
- Increases the temperature of the gas
20
Q
What is the relationship between Kelvin temperature and average KE of gas molecules?
A
- The Kelvin temperature of the gas is directly proportional to the average KE of the molecules in the gas
21
Q
What is Boyle’s Law?
A
- P1V1 = P2V2
- For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume
22
Q
What is the pressure law?
A
- P1/T1 = P2/T2
- For a fixed mass of gas at constant volume, the Kelvin temperature is directly proportional to the pressure
23
Q
What is pressure?
A
- Force per unit area
- Force / area on surface
- Measured in Pa (pascals)
24
Q
What is pressure difference?
A
- Height x density x gravitational field strength
25
Explain how molecules exert force on walls
- Gas molecules have a random motion
- Exert a force on walls by colliding
- Hence a pressure on the walls of the container
