solids, liquids and gases

Question 1

density, mass, volume equation

Answer 1

density (p) = mass (m)/ volume (v)

Question 2

density units

Answer 2

kg/m ^3

Question 3

water density

Answer 3

1000 kg/m^3

Question 4

pressure equation

Answer 4

pressure = force/area

Question 5

solids structure

Answer 5

-closely packed in a regular structure
-high relative density
-strong forces between particles
-Fixed pattern

Question 6

Solids motion

Answer 6

-vibrate around a fixed point
-don’t expand to fill the space

Question 7

Liquid structure

Answer 7

-Close packed irregular structure
-high relative density
-Strong forces between the particles

Question 8

Liquids motion

Answer 8

-particles slide over each other
-does not expand to fill the space

Question 9

Gases structure

Answer 9

-very spread out
-Low relative density
-Weak forces between the particles

Question 10

Gases motion

Answer 10

-move at random past each other
-expand to fill the space
-move with rapid motion

Question 11

Liquid to gas

Answer 11

Boiling

Question 12

Gas to liquid

Answer 12

Condensation

Question 13

Liquid to solid

Answer 13

Freezing

Question 14

Solid to liquid

Answer 14

Melting

Question 15

Gas to solid

Answer 15

Deposition

Question 16

Solid to gas

Answer 16

Sublimation

Question 17

heat

Answer 17

Transfer of Energy measured in Joules, can be transferred to raise an object’s thermal store

Question 18

Temperature

Answer 18

Proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles

Question 19

boiling

Answer 19

-happens at a fixed temperature
-all of the material must change state before the temperature rises
-eg. pan of boiling water

Question 20

Evaporation

Answer 20

-can happen at any temperature
-can happen at temperature is lower than boiling point
-eg. puddle of water

Question 21

what happens during evaporation

Answer 21

-heat energy is incident on molecules on the surface/edges
-increases their KE
-top layer of particles/molecules gain enough KE to leave the surface/edges
-average KE decreases
-temp decreases

Question 22

what happens to the temp as the change of state occurs

Answer 22

remains constant until all of the material has changed state

Question 23

particles in temperature as change of state occurs

Answer 23

-all energy is used in either making or breaking physical bonds of attraction
-no KE change

Question 24

specific heat capacity

Answer 24

a measure of the amount of energy required to change the temp of 1kg of a material by 1°C

Question 25

heat transfer (Q) equation

Answer 25

Q = mass X specific heat capacity (c) X change in temp = energy required

Question 26

heat transfer units

Answer 26

Joules

Question 27

specific heat capacity (C) units

Answer 27

J/kg°C

Question 28

heating a substance…

Answer 28

increases the energy in its thermal energy store

Question 29

amount of thermal energy supplied to a material to change the temperature

Answer 29

Energy = heat transfer = power (w) X time (s)

Question 30

the specific heat capacity depends on

Answer 30

-material -state of the material

Question 31

energy required (E) equation

Answer 31

E = mass X specific heat capacity (c) X temp change

Question 32

pressure at a point in a gas or liquid at rest…

Answer 32

acts equally in all directions

Question 33

pressure equation

Answer 33

P = force / area

Question 34

pressure units

Answer 34

Pa

Question 35

pressure difference equation

Answer 35

P diff = height X density X g

Question 36

temperature change

Answer 36

change in the KE of the particles