SOLUBILITY RULES Flashcards

Question

Name the parts of an Atom and what they are

Answer 1

Protons: Positively charged subatomic particles that reside in the nucleus. Neutrons: Neutrally charged subatomic particles that reside in the nucleus. Electrons: Negatively charged subatomic particles found in the electron shells surrounding the nucleus. Nucleus: The region located in the center of an atom, containing both protons and neutrons. Electron Shells: The region located on the outermost area of the atom only containing electrons.

Answer 2

Hydrochloric Acid. Sulfuric Acid. Nitric Acid. Carbonic Acid. Formic Acid. Acetic Acid. Citric Acid.

Answer 3

Conduct electricity when dissolved in water, and react with metals to produce hydrogen gas and salt

Answer 4

sodium hydroxide calcium carbonate and potassium oxide

Answer 5

A base is a substance that can neutralize the acid by reacting with hydrogen ions. Most bases are minerals that react with acids to form water and salts.

Answer 6

a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

Answer 7

pHs less than 7 are acidic

Answer 8

pHs greater than 7 are alkaline (basic) or are know as a base

Answer 9

The number 7 (explanation if I forget) It happens that at pH 7, the concentrations of H+ and OH- are equal. This is why pH 7 is considered the neutral pH. Below pH 7, the concentration of H+ is greater than the concentration of OH-, making the water acidic. Above pH 7, the concentration of OH- is greater than the concentration of H+, making the water basic

Answer 10

vinegar, lemon and orange juice, wine, aspirin

Answer 11

Sodium Bicarbonate - Baking Soda. Soap Toothpaste. Bleach. Ammonia Washing Powder

Answer 12

water, table salt, sugar solution and cooking oil

Answer 13

Change in Color. Formation of a Gas. Formation of a Precipitate. Change in Odor. Change in Temperature. Something is Burning. Light is Being Produced.

Answer 14

Mass of reactants = mass of products Number of atoms of each element of products = Number of atoms of each element of reactants

Answer 15

The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed.

Answer 16

The glands and organs that make hormones and release them directly into the blood so they can travel to tissues and organs all over the body.

Answer 17

The endocrine system regulates how much of each hormone is released and controls growth and development during childhood, regulation of bodily functions in adulthood, and the reproductive process.

Answer 18

The lungs and respiratory system allow us to breathe. They bring oxygen into our bodies (called inspiration, or inhalation) and send carbon dioxide out (called expiration, or exhalation).

Answer 19

The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. They can then be absorbed into the bloodstream so the body can use them for energy, growth and repair.

Answer 20

The circulatory system's function is to move blood throughout the body and carries oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, and removes waste products, like carbon dioxide.

Answer 21

The function of the excretory system to remove wastes from the body. These wastes include water, CO2, nitrogen, salts, and heat. The kidney and urinary systems help the body to eliminate liquid waste called urea, and to keep chemicals, such as potassium and sodium, and water in balance. Side Note: Metabolism: The process of the body coverting food into energy. As a result of metabolism, there are waste products.

Answer 22

The nervous system transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body, including internal organs. In this way, the nervous system's activity controls the ability to move, breathe, see, think, and more. The basic unit of the nervous system is a nerve cell, or neuron.

Answer 23

The basic unit of communication in the nervous system is the nerve cell (neuron).

Answer 24

Body temperature, water content, sugar levels and carbon dioxide levels

Answer 25

Your peripheral nervous system (PNS) is that part of your nervous system that lies outside your brain and spinal cord.

Answer 26

What Is the Central Nervous System? The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord: The brain controls how we think, learn, move, and feel. The spinal cord carries messages back and forth between the brain and the nerves that run throughout the body.

Answer 27

The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons.

Answer 28

Acid–base indicators are compounds that change color when they become protonated or deprotonated. Because this color change occurs over a specific pH range, indicators can be used to approximate the equivalence point of an acid–base titration

Answer 29

pH range Description Colour < 3 Strong acid Red 3–6 Weak acid Orange or Yellow 7 Neutral Green 8–11 Weak alkali Blue > 11 Strong alkali Indigo or Violet

Answer 30

Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine, chromium, copper, fluoride, molybdenum, manganese, and selenium

Answer 31

A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly. More sophisticated a self-regulating process by which biological systems maintain stability while adjusting to changing external conditions

Answer 32

Indirect transmission refers to the transfer of an infectious agent from a reservoir to a host by suspended air particles, inanimate objects (vehicles), or animate intermediaries (vectors).

Answer 33

Vector-borne diseases are infections transmitted by the bite of infected arthropod species, such as mosquitoes, ticks, triatomine bugs, sandflies, and blackflies.

Answer 34

In direct transmission, an infectious agent is transferred from a reservoir to a susceptible host by direct contact or droplet spread. Direct contact occurs through skin-to-skin contact, kissing, and sexual intercourse. Direct contact also refers to contact with soil or vegetation harboring infectious organisms.

Answer 35

Phagocytes are white blood cells found in the bloodstream and protect the body by ingesting and destroying foreign cells. These include, bacteria, dead or dying cells and other invading cells. They are part of the immune system.

Answer 36

By locking onto sites on a pathogens surface (called antigens) they make it easier for white blood cells to Destroy

Answer 37

A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell that is part of the immune system. There are two main types of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells. The B cells produce antibodies that are used to attack invading bacteria, viruses, and toxins.

Answer 38

The main difference between lymphocytes and phagocytes is that lymphocytes generate specific immune responses against pathogens whereas phagocytes generate the same response to any pathogen. This means lymphocytes are the tools of the adaptive immunity whereas phagocytes are the tools of innate immunity

Answer 39

A pathogen is an organism causing disease to its host, with the severity of the disease symptoms referred to as virulence. Pathogens are taxonomically widely diverse and comprise viruses and bacteria as well as unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes.

Answer 40

Adrenal glands mainly make the hormones adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol and aldosterone. Adrenaline and noradrenaline are involved in the body's stress (or 'fight or flight') response.

Answer 41

The main hormones secreted by the endocrine gland in the pancreas are insulin and glucagon, which regulate the level of glucose in the blood, and somatostatin, which prevents the release of insulin and glucagon.

Answer 42

The signal transmission of the nervous system is fast because neurons are interconnected, but the functions are more short-lived. Signal transmission in the endocrine system is slow, since hormones must travel through the bloodstream, but the responses tend to last longer

Answer 43

any harmful deviation from the normal structural or functional state of an organism, generally associated with certain signs and symptoms and differing in nature from physical injury.

Answer 44

Non-infectious diseases are not caused by pathogens and therefore cannot be spread from one person to another. Instead, non-infectious diseases are caused by factors such as genetics, malnutrition, environment and lifestyle.

Answer 45

The invasion and growth of germs in the body. The germs may be bacteria, viruses, yeast, fungi, or other microorganisms. Infections can begin anywhere in the body and may spread all through it.

Answer 46

A pathogen is defined as an organism causing disease to its host, with the severity of the disease symptoms referred to as virulence.

Answer 47

Bacteria- sepsis Fungi - Tinea, Protozoa- Malaria Worms - Amebiasis Viruses - Covid-19 Prions - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).

Answer 48

he air as droplets or aerosol particles. faecal-oral spread. blood or other body fluids. skin or mucous membrane contact. sexual contact.

Answer 49

The first line of defence (or outside defence system) includes physical and chemical barriers that are always ready and prepared to defend the body from infection. These include your skin, tears, mucus, cilia, stomach acid, urine flow, 'friendly' bacteria and white blood cells called neutrophils.

Answer 50

The second line of defense is nonspecific resistance that destroys invaders in a generalized way without targeting specific individuals: Phagocytic cells ingest and destroy all microbes that pass into body tissues. For example macrophages are cells derived from monocytes (a type of white blood cell).

Answer 51

The third level of your immune system consists of cells tailor-made to get rid of the specific microorganisms that have invaded your tissue. Special cells called dendritic cells are the liaison (point of communication) between innate and adaptive immunity. Also include Lymphocytes

Answer 52

Biotechnology is the use of biology to develop new products, methods and organisms intended to improve human health and society

Answer 53

Synthetic insulin growth and synthetic hormone growth

SOLUBILITY RULES Flashcards

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