Solubility Rules

Question 1

State the solubility rules-

Answer 1

Always soluble-
Nitrates (NO3-)
Acetates
Group 1 elements

Sulfates (SO2-) but, calcium, lead and barium are insoluble.
Ammionum (NH4)
Group 7 elements (halogens) but, silver chloride and lead chloride are insoluble.

Exceptions-
Purple- Pb (lead)
Mushrooms (mercury)
Stink (silver)

50/50 soluble and insoluble-

Sodium, potassium and ammonium carbonates are soluble, the rest of carbonates are insoluble.

Sodium potassium and ammonium hydroxides are all soluble. The rest of the hydroxides are insoluble.

Calcium and barium hydroxide is partially soluble.

Question 2

What are the formulas of nitric, sulphuric acid and sulphates, ammonia, ammonium-

Answer 2

Nitric acid- HNO3
Sulphuric- H2SO4
Sulphates- SO4
Ammonia- NH3
Ammonium- NH4

Question 3

How are ammonia and ammonium different?

Answer 3

Ammonia is un-ionized, and so it does not have a charge it’s neutral, when it gains an electron it also takes on another hydrogen atom and the positive charge, making it turn into ammonium

Question 4

What are the ways you can see a solutions acidity/ alkaline?

Answer 4

PH paper, universal indicator, litmus paper

Question 5

red litmus paper turns into blue for what type of solutions?

Answer 5

Alkaline