solutions

Question 1

solution

Answer 1

homogeneous (1 phase mixture) even distribution of 1+ pure substance mixed together

Question 2

solvent

Answer 2

present in the larger quantity
- substance that does the dissolving

Question 3

solutes

Answer 3

present in the lesser quantity
- substance that gets dissolved in the solvent

Question 4

aqueous solutions

Answer 4

indicates that water is the solvent and that you’re dealing with a solution

Question 5

miscibility

Answer 5

2 liquids mix in any proportion
- “like dissolves like”

Question 6

qualitative (empirical) proerties

Answer 6

electrolytic ability
litmus paper
solution colour
flame colour

Question 7

ELECTROLYTES

Answer 7

ions in solution allow conductivity

Question 8

NON-ELECTROLYTES

Answer 8

non-conductive molecular solute

Question 9

acid has

Answer 9

H+
both red

Question 10

base has

Answer 10

OH-
both blue

Question 11

SOLUTION COLOUR

Answer 11

some ions have characteristic colour when dissolve in water. Allows for qualitative identification of the ion

Question 12

what ions are aqueous

Answer 12

all ions are aqueous as ions only exist in water

Question 12

FLAME TEST

Answer 12

some ions have a characteristic color of flame, when excited by an external heat source

Question 12

svante arrhenius explaining solutions

Answer 12

dissolving
dissociation
ionization
low solubility

Question 13

DISSOLVING

Answer 13

polar molecular solutes mix evenly into water by forming new IMF between the solute and solvent
- “like dissolves like”

Question 13

DISSOCIATION

Answer 13

soluble ionic compounds break apart into individual ions in water.
- crystal lattice breaks
- explains the conductivity of ionic compounds (charged ions)

Question 14

IONIZATION

Answer 14

a special type of molecular compound with H+ or COOH-, H2O breaks the bond between the H and the rest of the molecule

Question 15

in ionization, what is the resulting product

Answer 15

an acid is now in water, making acid conductive from its charged ions

Question 16

LOW SOLUBILITY

Answer 16

non-polar molecular solute

Question 17

in any phase change or chemical reaction, the following sequence of events must occur

Answer 17

• breaking reactive bonds (endo.)
• forming product bonds (exo.)

Question 18

when forming a solution with bonds broken

Answer 18

solutes: ionic- cystal lattice must break
molecular- break IMF’s
solvents: IMF’s between water molecules

Question 19

when forming a solution with bonds forming

Answer 19

IMF’s between water and the solute

Question 20

what do we feel the net energy change as

Answer 20

we feel it as a change in temperature

Question 21

exothermic solution formation

Answer 21

solution gets hotter
reactants require less energy needed to break, products more energy released when forming

Question 22

endothermic solution formation

Answer 22

solution gets colder reactants require more energy, less energy comes back in products

Question 23

why does the endothermic solution feel cold

Answer 23

from the lack of heat

Question 24

solution concentration

Answer 24

always measures the quantity of solute wihtin a specific quantity of solution

Question 25

solution concentraion formula

Answer 25

quantity of solute/quantity of solution

Question 26

percent by mass (% m/m)

Answer 26

mass (g) of solute/ mass (g) of solution x 100%

Question 27

percent by volume (% v/v)

Answer 27

volume (mL) of solute/ mass (g) of solution x 100%

Question 28

percent mass by volume (% m/v)

Answer 28

mass (g) of solute/ volume (mL) x 100%

Question 29

parts per million (ppm)

Answer 29

mass (g) of solute/ mass (g) of solution x 100% or mass of solute (mg)/ volume of solution (L)

Question 30

what is the ppm formula for

Answer 30

very low concentrations

Question 31

amount concentration (c)

Answer 31

amount (mol)/ volume of solution (L)

Question 32

real life examples of solution concentrations

Answer 32

IV bag toothpaste sunscreen vinegar mouth wash alcohol

Question 33

amount concentration AKA

Answer 33

molar concetration molarity

Question 34

why is amount concentration the most useful type of concentration in chem

Answer 34

chemists need to know exact chemical amounts when solutions are used for chemical reactions and analytical techniques