Solutions Flashcards
(32 cards)
A mixture is made up of…
different pure substances mixed together.
What is a pure substance?
A pure substance consists of only one type of particle, such as elements or compounds, with a consistent composition throughout.
What is a mixture?
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded and can vary in composition.
What is a solution?
A solution is a homogeneous mixture where one substance (solute) dissolves into another
How do temperature and agitation affect solubility?
Increasing temperature or stirring usually increases solubility for most solutes in solvents.
How can insoluble substances form mixtures?
Insoluble substances can form suspensions or colloids, where particles are distributed but not dissolved.
What is a saturated solution?
A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.
What does insoluble mean?
Insoluble means a substance cannot dissolve in a solvent (e.g., oil in water).
What are some methods to separate mixtures?
Common methods include filtration, evaporation, distillation, and magnetic separation
How does filtration work?
Filtration separates solids from liquids using a filter that lets only the liquid pass through.
What is distillation?
Distillation is a method that separates components of a solution based on different boiling points.
What are physical and chemical changes?
Physical changes alter appearance but not composition, while chemical changes result in new substances with different properties.
What is a chemical reaction?
A chemical reaction rearranges atoms to form new substances, following the law of conservation of mass.
What is an example of a chemical change?
Combustion, where fuel reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and heat.
What factors affect reaction rates?
Temperature, concentration, surface area, and the presence of a catalyst can all impact reaction speed.
How does a catalyst affect a reaction?
A catalyst speeds up a reaction without being consumed in the process.
What causes rusting?
Rusting occurs when iron reacts with oxygen and moisture to form iron oxide, a chemical change.
How can rusting be prevented?
Preventative measures include painting, applying oil, or using rust-resistant alloys.
What type of reaction is combustion?
Combustion is an exothermic reaction, meaning it releases energy as heat and light.
Why is combustion important in energy production?
Combustion is commonly used to produce energy in engines, power plants, and heating systems.
What are energy transfers?
Energy transfers occur when energy moves from one object to another, like heat flowing from a hot object to a cooler one.
What are energy transformations?
Energy transformations change energy from one form to another, such as chemical energy to kinetic energy in a car engine.
How do heat and temperature differ?
Heat is the energy transferred between objects due to temperature differences, while temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles.
What is thermal equilibrium?
Thermal equilibrium is reached when two objects in contact have the same temperature and no heat flows between them?
