Solutions Flashcards
(26 cards)
Pure substance
Made up of only one kind of particle and have consistent properties throughout
Homogeneous mixture
-Uniform throughtout
-Everything looks and acts the same
Heterogeneous Mixture
-not uniformly distributed
-Individual parts can be seen and easily separated
Solution
made up of 2 or more substances evenly distributed in a single phase
-Ex. Salt water
Solute
The dissolved substance (smaller amount)
-Ex. Salt
Solvent
The dissolving substance (Larger amount)
-Ex. Water
Electronegativity
-Atoms ability to attract shared electrons in a covalent bond
-Diff atoms pulls on electrons differently based on their electronegativity
Electronegativity Across a period
-left to right = icreases
-right to left = decreases
Electronegativity down a group
-Bottom to top = Increases
-top to bottom = decreases
Dipole
A molecule with 2 poles both negative and positive
Polar molecules
-uneven electron distribution
-creates partial charges
-create 2 electrically changed poles
Non-polars molecules
-equal electronegativity
-no partial charges
Molarity
Number of solutes present in 1 L of solution
Unsaturated
Solution that can still dissolve more solute
-Ex. Stirring salt into water
Saturated
Solution that contains maximum amount of solute that can dissolve
-Ex. adding salt into water
Supersaturated
Solution that contains more solute than normally possible
-Ex. rock candy making
Miscible
Liquids that mix in any proportion
Concentrated
Solution that has a high solute to solvent ratio
Explains waters high surface tension
Hydrogen bonding
Structure of H2O
A bent polar molecule with unequal electron sharing
What happens to the ions when salt dissolves in water
They are surrounded by water molecules and pulled apart
Hydration
Water surrounds separated ions of an ionic compound during dissolution
What happens to Na+ ions when NaCl dissolves in water?
They attract to oxygen end of water molecules
Dissociation
Ionic solute breaks apart in water
