Solutions

Question 1

Pressure

Answer 1

Increases the solubility of gas in a solvent.

Forces particles together

Question 2

Temperature (solubility)

Answer 2

Increases the solubility of solids in a solvent.

Decreases solubility of gases in a solvent.

Question 3

Agitate (stir) the mixture

Answer 3

Adding energy from stirring dissolves it faster

Question 4

Surface Area (crushing)

Answer 4

Dissolves faster with increased surface area

Question 5

Homogeneous Mixtures

Answer 5

Particles are evenly distributed

Ex. salt water

Question 6

Things that look homogenous but is really heterogenous

Answer 6

Blood
Milk
Mayonnaise
Whip cream
Jelly

Question 7

Colloids/Gels

Answer 7

Larger molecules suspended in liquid.
Are usually opaque/translucent.
Not easily filtered and do not settle out.

Question 8

Emulsion

Answer 8

Heterogeneous mix of two or more liquids.
If you let me sit they will separate
(Ex. Oil and water)

Question 9

Saturated Solution

Answer 9

Max amount dissolved at that temperature.

Question 10

Unsaturated Solution

Answer 10

Solvent is able to dissolve more at that temperature.

Question 11

Supersaturated

Answer 11

Solvent is holding more solute that normally can at that temperature.
Very unstable.

Question 12

Saturated solution

Answer 12

Amount of solute needed to make a saturated solution.

Question 13

Suspension

Answer 13

Heterogeneous mix of solid in liquid.
Use filters to separate components.
(Ex. sand in water)

Question 14

Heterogeneous mixtures

Answer 14

Uneven distribution.
Particles in mixture can be identified.
(Ex. sand and water)

Question 15

Aqueous Solution

Answer 15

Solutions with water as the solvent.

Question 16

Solute

Answer 16

The dissolved substance.

Question 17

Nature of the solvent and solute

Answer 17

Like dissolves like

Question 18

Types of solutions

Answer 18

Saturated
Unsaturated
Supersaturated

Question 19

Dissociating

Answer 19

The process of separating into charged parts when dissolving.
Only ionic and very polar covalent compounds will dissociate.

Question 20

Electrolytes

Answer 20

Charged particles in a solution can conduct an electrical current.
If it dissociates it creates electrolytes.

Question 21

Uncharged Particles (non-polar)

Answer 21

Are only soluble in uncharged solvents.

Question 22

If a solute is attracted to water will it dissolve.

Answer 22

When water is the solvent- hydration

Question 23

Solvent

Answer 23

Substance that does the dissolving.

Question 24

3 steps in the dissolving process

Answer 24

1) solute particles must break apart.
•requires energy
2) solvent particles spread apart to make room
•requires energy
3) solute and solvent particles come together •release energy

Question 25

Ionic

Answer 25

Give/take of electrons between metals and non metals Creates charged ions Really big Electronegativity difference

Question 26

Non polar covalent

Answer 26

Equal sharing of bonding electrons No dipoles-no permanent charge Small Electronegativity difference Diatomic and coin pounds of c and h are non polar

Question 27

Solubility

Answer 27

The amount of solute that can dissolve in a give. Volume of solvent to form a solution.

Question 28

Soluble

Answer 28

Dissolves in a solvent (solution)

Question 29

Insoluble

Answer 29

Does not dissolve (suspension)

Question 30

Alloys

Answer 30

Solutions of two or more metals. | Ex. Steel- iron and carbon

Question 31

Very Polar

Answer 31

Dissociates | Ex. HCl=>H+Cl

Question 32

Polar Covalent

Answer 32

Unequal sharing of bonding electrons. Creates positive and negative dipoles to opposite parts of compound. Bigger Electronegativity difference.

Question 33

Electronegativity

Answer 33

The attraction an atom has for the shared pair of electrons in a bond.

Question 34

Immiscible

Answer 34

Liquids do not mix (emulsion)

Question 35

Solution

Answer 35

Mixture where all substance are distributed as individual molecules or ions Solution do not settle Solutions cannot be filtered

Question 36

Spectator Ions

Answer 36

Do not participate, remain moving freely in a solution.

Question 37

Miscible

Answer 37

Liquids mix in each other

Question 38

Precipitation (ppt) reaction

Answer 38

Formation of an ionic compound that is not soluble in current solvent.

Question 39

Homogeneous mixtures

Answer 39

Particles are evenly distributed. Difficult to separate. (Ex. Salt in water)

Question 40

Factors that affect solubility

Answer 40

``` Nature of the solvent and solute Surface area Agitate (stir) Temperature Pressure (only gases) ```

Question 41

Some molecules can contain ____ but because of the ____ they are considered to be a ____.

Answer 41

Polar bonds Shape Non-polar molecules

Question 42

All gas mixtures are ____ and ____.

Answer 42

Solutions | Homogeneous

Question 43

The most electronegative element is ____ with ____.

Answer 43

Fluorine | 4.0

Question 44

The least electronegative element is ____ with ____.

Answer 44

Cesium | 0.7

Question 45

In a compound, the atom with the ____ Electronegativity pulls the ____ electrons ____.

Answer 45

Higher Shared Closer

Question 46

In a mixture of the same states (bother liquids), the ____ is the substance present in the ____.

Answer 46

Solvent | Larger amount

Question 47

A solution is made up with ____ and ____.

Answer 47

Solute | Solvent