Solutions Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is suspension?
A mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas.
What is a solvent?
The substance in which the solute is dissolved.
What is a solute?
The substance that is dissolved in the solvent.
What is a colloid?
A mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspensions and that are suspended in a liquid, solid, or gas.
What is concentration?
The amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a solution.
What is molarity?
A concentration unit of a solution expressed as moles of a solute dissolved per liter of solution.
What is solubility?
The ability of one substance to dissolve into another at a given temperature and pressure; expressed in terms of the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent to produce a saturated solution.
What is miscible?
Describes two or more liquids that are able to dissolve into each in various proportions.
What is immiscible?
Describes two or more liquids that do not mix with each other.
What is dissociation?
The separating of a molecule into simpler molecules, atoms, radicals, or ions.
What is hydration?
The strong affinity of water molecules for particles of dissolved or suspended substances that cause electrolytic dissociation.
What is saturated solution?
A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given conditions.
What is unsaturated solution?
A solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution and that is able to dissolve additional solute.
What is supersaturated solution?
A solution holding more dissolved solute than what is required to reach equilibrium at a given temperature.
What is solubility equilibrium?
The physical state in which the opposing processes of dissolution and crystallization of a solute occur at equal rates.
What is conductivity?
The ability to conduct an electric current.
What is an electrolyte?
A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts an electric current.
What is a nonelectrolyte?
A liquid or solid substance that does not allow the flow of an electric current, either in solution or in its pure state, such as water or sucrose.
What is a hydronium ion?
An ion consisting of a proton combined with a molecule of water; H3O+
What is colligative property?
A property of a substance or system that is determined by the number of particles present in the system but independent of the properties of the particles themselves.
What is a surfactant?
A compound that concentrates at the boundary surface between two immiscible phases, solid-liquid, liquid-liquid, or liquid-gas.
What is a detergent?
A water-soluble cleaner that can emulsify dirt and oil.
What is a soap?
A substance that is used as a cleaner and dissolves in water.
What is an emulsion?
Any mixture of two or more immiscible liquids in which one liquid is dispersed in the other.
