Solutions and Solubility terms

Question 1

Solution

Answer 1

Homogeneous mixture

Question 2

Solute

Answer 2

Substance being dissolved (part that is found in the smaller amount)

Question 3

Solvent

Answer 3

Present in greater amount (not always the liquid)

Question 4

Concentration

Answer 4

The amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent

Question 5

Dilute Solution

Answer 5

Very small amount of solute compared to the solvent

Question 6

Concentrated Solution

Answer 6

Very large amount of solute compared to the solvent

Question 7

Unsaturated Solution

Answer 7

More of the solute can dissolve in the given volume of solvent

All of the solute fully dissolves in the solvent

More can be added afterwards

Question 8

Saturated Solution

Answer 8

The solvent has dissolved the maximum amount of solvent possible at current temperature

Some of the solute has not dissolved in the solvent

Question 9

Supersaturated Solution

Answer 9

Artificially created solution that contains more solute than would normally dissolve at current temperature (involves heating, followed by gentle cooling - unstable/fragile)

Solute was forced to dissolve in the solvent

Question 10

pH Scale

Answer 10

• A scale used to describe the acidity of solutions (based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution) ranging from 0-14
• Acids = 0 - 7
• Bases = 7 - 14

Question 11

Spectator Ion

Answer 11

Ion(s) that exist(s) on both sides of an ionic equation, causing them to cancel out and not be included in the net ionic equation of the double displacement reaction

Question 12

Titration

Answer 12

A lab technique that puts to use neutralization of acids and bases to determine the concentration of an unknown solution

Question 13

Solubility

Answer 13

The ability of the solute to dissolve in the solvent

Question 14

Hydration

Answer 14

Process of providing or absorbing water or other fluids

Question 15

Strong Acids and Weak Acids

Answer 15

Strong Acids: Dissociates in water 99.9% of the time
Weak Acids: Dissociates only slightly (2.6%)

Question 16

Strong Bases and Weak Bases

Answer 16

Strong Bases: Dissociates in water 99.9% of the time
Weak Bases: Dissociates only slightly (2.6%)

Question 17

Hydronium Ion

Answer 17

H30+ (aq)
* pH is related to the number of hydronium ions in the amount of the solution

Question 18

Aqueaous Solution

Answer 18

A solution in which water (H₂O) is the solvent

Question 19

Ionic Character

Answer 19

Refers to the degree to which a chemical bond exhibits the properties of an ionic bond, as opposed to a covalent bond

Question 20

Electrolyte

Answer 20

A substance that, when dissolved in a solvent (usually water) or melted, produces ions and thereby gains the ability to conduct electric current

Question 21

Why do ionic compounds dissolve in water?

Answer 21

Ionic compounds dissolve in water due to strong interactions between water molecules and ions, reducing electrostatic forces and pulling ions apart, facilitated by water’s polar nature.

Question 22

Why do some covalent compounds dissolve in water?

Answer 22

Polar covalent compounds dissolve in water through hydrogen bonds, forming strong intermolecular forces that attract water molecules, resulting in solvation and the dissolution of the compound.