Solving the Venetian question 1861-66

Question 1

Who did nationalists believe should take charge of solving the Roman and Venetian questions?

Answer 1

Piedmont

Question 2

Who controlled Venetia until 1866?

Answer 2

Austria

Question 3

Who headed the Italian Freedom Association (formed in 1861)

Answer 3

Garibaldi

Question 4

Why did Rattazzi summon Garibaldi to Turin in March 1862?

Answer 4

To discuss possible action in Greece, Serbia and Dalmatia to destabilise Austria (didn’t happen)

Question 5

In May 1862, what happened to a group of Garibaldi supporters, led by Nullo?

Answer 5

Arrested on the Austrian border for trying to attack Austria?

Question 6

Garibaldi attempted to engineer armed uprisings against the Hapsburgs in 1862 and 1864 to force the withdrawal of the Austrian army from Italy. Why did these fail?

Answer 6

News of these attempts had leaked out, upsetting foreign diplomats. This forced the Italian government to intervene against Garibaldi.

Question 7

Why did Garibaldi visit London in 1864?

Answer 7

To use his publicity to raise the issue of Venice

Question 8

Why did Prussia and Italy see Austria as their common enemy?

Answer 8

Tension between Prussia and Austria over Schleswig-Holstein

Question 9

What forced Italy to negotiate with Prussia?

Answer 9

An attempt by La Marmora to purchase Venetia for 1000 million lire had failed

Question 10

Who formed an alliance between Italy and Prussian chancellor Bismarck?

Answer 10

Napoleon III

Question 11

What agreement did Prussia have with Italy?

Answer 11

Italy would receive Venetia for helping Prussia in the war against Austria

Question 12

When did Prussia and Italy declare war on Austria?

Answer 12

June 1866

Question 13

How many men did Italy have?

Answer 13

250,000

Question 14

How many men did Austria have?

Answer 14

130,000

Question 15

How many ironclad ships did Italy have?

Answer 15

12

Question 16

How many ironclad ships did Austria have?

Answer 16

7

Question 17

What problems did the Italian army have?

Answer 17

• Incompetence of the highest levels of command (including Admiral Persano)
• Badly disorganised

Question 18

What percentage of the Italian army ever reached the front?

Answer 18

25%

Question 19

When did the Battle of Custozza take place?

Answer 19

24th June

Question 20

Why was Italy defeated at Custozza?

Answer 20

Panic and confused orders

Question 21

Where was Italy defeated in July?

Answer 21

Battle of Lissa

Question 22

How many ships did Italy lose at Lissa?

Answer 22

3 including the “Re d’Italia”

Question 23

Why was Italy defeated at Lissa?

Answer 23

The fleet had fired 1450 shells and not scored one major hit

Question 24

However, where was an Austrian force defeated by Garibaldi?

Answer 24

Bezzecca, 21st July

Question 25

Where did Prussia defeat Austria?

Answer 25

Sadowa, July 3rd

Question 26

When was an armistice signed?

Answer 26

26th July

Question 27

What consequence did the war have on morale?

Answer 27

- The prestige of both the army and monarchy were damaged - Devastating for the national psyche - Crispi: "To be Italian was something we once longed for, now in the present circumstances it is shameful"

Question 28

How did Venetia become part of Italy?

Answer 28

- Austria gave Venetia to France | - Napoleon immediately gave Venetia to Italy

Question 29

Why did Austria give Venetia to France?

Answer 29

Didn't want to give any land to an inferior country (Italy)

Question 30

What was the result of the plebiscite?

Answer 30

- Yes: 647246 | - No: 69

Question 31

What did the war highlight about Italy?

Answer 31

its lack of military independence and power

Question 32

Why did the outcome war increase tension in Italy

Answer 32

Massive debt had to be repaid: - church land nationalised - Grist Tax 1868

Question 33

How did Cavour die in June 1861?

Answer 33

Malaria

Question 34

Why did La Marmora resign?

Answer 34

to help lead the army in the war

Question 35

Other than Persano, how else were the army incompetent?

Answer 35

- Victor Emmanuel was "wholly ignorant and incompetent" | - tension between Caldini and La Marmora (both de facto led the army)

Question 36

How did the Navy have a shortage of trained crew?

Answer 36

3 largest warships only had 19 gunners each