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Medical Science - Physiology > Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Somatic NS

A

Voluntary and involuntary control of skeletal muscle

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2
Q

Autonomic NS

A

Involuntary control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands
Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

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3
Q

Afferent

A

Sensory info. carried to the CNS

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4
Q

Efferent

A

Motor commands to muscles and glands, away from CNS

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5
Q

Nerves of the somatic NS

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

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6
Q

Nerves of the autonomic NS

A 
Cranial preganglionic
Spinal preganglionic
Sympathetic chain ganglia
Collateral ganglia
Visceral postganglionic
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7
Q

What are plexuses of the somatic NS?

A

Interwoven nerve trunks

Cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral

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8
Q

What are plexuses of the ANS?

A

Cardiac, pulmonary, oesophageal, celiac, inferior mesenteric, hypogastric

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9
Q

What are pyramidal (direct) tracts?

A

Upper motor neurons on CNS synapse with lower motor neurons in brainstem or spinal cord
Conscious control
Corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts

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10
Q

What do the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts control?

A

Conscious control of movements below head and of head respectively

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11
Q

What are extrapyramidal (indirect) tracts?

A

Motor neurons first synapse in an intermediate nucleus in the brainstem
Subconscious control
Tectospinal, vestibulospinal, recticulospinal, rubrospinal

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12
Q

What does the tectospinal tract control?

A

Subconscious reflex movement of the head

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13
Q

What does the vestibulospinal tract control?

A

Balance and muscle tone

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14
Q

What does the recticulospinal tract do?

A

Reflex regulation

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15
Q

What odes the rubrospinal tract do?

A

Upper limb muscle tone and movement

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16
Q

Why form plexuses?

A

Widespread action

Amplification

17
Q

Which are generally shorter, sympathetic or parasympathetic preganglionic neurons?

A

Sympathetic

Sympathetic post-ganglionic cell bodies tend to be located close to the spinal cord, while parasympathetic are more peripheral.

18
Q

What travels through the dorsal ramus?

A
  • Info. to and from the skeletal muscles, skin, smooth muscles and glands of back
  • Sensory and motor
  • Somatic and visceral
19
Q

What travels through the ventral ramus?

A
  • Info. to and from the ventrolateral body surface, wall and limbs
  • Sensory and motor
  • Somatic and visceral
20
Q

What travels through the gray ramus?

A

Visceral motor info. to organs

21
Q

What travels through the white ramus?

A

Visceral motor and sensory info. to and from (preganglionic) organs

22
Q

What is the largest component of the ANS?

A

The Enteric NS which governs GI tract functions and reflexes

23
Q

Where is the ENS located?

A

In sheaths of tissue lining the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and colon

24
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

Map of areas of skin innervated by spinal segments

25
Q

How is pain carried in the viscera?

A

Via general visceral afferents

Converge in posterior grey column

26
Q

What do the vagal afferent nerves sense?

A 
Taste
Satiety/Satiation
Energy metabolism
Visceral inflammation
Gut instinct (innate fear and food location)
27
Q

What pathway determines the innate fear response?

A

Hypothalamus - pituitary - adrenal axis

28
Q

Where is the internal GPS for food location?

A

Hippocampal dependent memory

29
Q

How does the gut affect the brain?

A
  • Produce neurotransmitters which signal brain via vagus nerve from gut microbes or metabolites
  • Cytokines or metabolites travel to brain via blood
30
Q

What are the three types of autonomic receptors?

A

Cholingeric (Nicotinic and muscarinic)
Adrenergic
Nitroxidergic

31
Q

What are nicotinic receptors?

A

ACh
Excitatory for all parasympathetic and sympathetic preganglionic cells
Open Na+ channels in skeletal muscle

32
Q

What are muscarinic receptors?

A

ACh
Excitatory or inhibitory for parasympathetic neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions
Activate K+ and/or Ca2+ channels

33
Q

What are adrenergic receptors?

A 
Adrenaline and NA
Effect most sympathetic and neuroglandular junctions
a1 - excitatory
a2 - inhibitory
b1 - heart and arteries
b2 - smooth muscle and respiratory tract
b3 - lipolysis
34
Q

What are nitroxidergic receptors?

A

NO
Stimulate blood vessels in skeletal muscles, erectile tissue and brain
Vasodilation

35
Q

What to B1 blockers do?

A

Decrease heart rate and strength, encourage atrial relaxation and fluid regulation

36
Q

What to B2 agonists to?

A

Treat asthma and pulmonary disorders

Medical Science - Physiology (11 decks)

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