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cognition & senses - wk 2 > somatosensory system > Flashcards

somatosensory system Flashcards

1
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

sensitive to bending, stretching, pressure, or vibration

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2
Q

what are the 4 specialized nerve endings

A
  • merkel’s disk
  • meissner’s corpuscle
  • pacinian corpuscle
  • ruffini ending
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3
Q

what are the 4 qualities of a stimulus that are endoded by our sensory system

A
  • modality
  • location
  • intensity
  • duration
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4
Q

what are the 5 sensory modalities

A
  • vision
  • hearing
  • touch
  • taste
  • smell

each with submodalities

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5
Q

awareness of ____ ____ depends on spatial distribution of activated receptors

A

spatial aspects

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6
Q

what is intensity signaled by

A

signaled by firing rate

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7
Q

what is duration signaled by

A

signaled by time course of response

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8
Q

what is the receptive field of a receptor

A

the space within the receptive sheet in which the sensory receptor is located and in which it transduces stimuli

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9
Q

RF of mechanoreptor

A

certain area of skin where it can transduce pressure or vibration

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10
Q

what is the gradient of sensitivity within the receptive field

A

highest in the center and progressively lower toward the periphery

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11
Q

the frequency of action potentials is proportional to the ____ of the stimulus

A

intensity

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12
Q

neurons tell us something about stimulus ____ and ____

A

location and intensity

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13
Q

what is duration

A

adaptation to prolonged stimulation

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14
Q

meissner’s corpuscle adaptation and receptive field size

A

rapid; small

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15
Q

pacinian corpuscle adaptation and receptive field size

A

rapid; large

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16
Q

merkel’s disk adaptation and receptive field size

A

slow, small

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17
Q

ruffini’s ending adaptation and receptive field size

A

slow, large

18
Q

most 2nd order neurons have ____ ____ in their RFs which enhances spatial resolution

A

surround inhibition

19
Q

spatial resolution: two-point discrimination

A

best for body regions with the highest innervation density and amount of cortical area devoted to them: e.g. fingers and lips

20
Q

spinal segments

A

spinal nerves within the divisions of the spinal cord

21
Q

what does each spinal segment provide

A

sensory innervation to a particular region of the skin

22
Q

dermatome

A

the area of skin and deeper tissues innervated by a single dorsal root

23
Q

DC-ML first neuron

A

large myelinated axons of dorsal roots that carry proprioception and touch modalities into the cord

24
Q

touch, vibration, conscious proprioception information ascends through:

A
  • dorsal columns (spinal cord)
  • dorsal column nuclei (medulla)
  • medial lemniscus (brainstem)
  • ventral posterior nucleus (VPL, thalamus)
  • primary somatosensory cortex, S1
25
Q

nociceptors

A
  • mediate transduction of pain
  • activated by stimuli that could cause tissue damage
  • free nerve endings
26
Q

thermal receptors

A
  • mediate transduction of cold, cool, warm and hot
  • free nerve endings
27
Q

spinothalamic tract first neuron

A
  • small diameter axons of dorsal roots that carry pain and temperature modalities into the cord
  • they all synapse with sensory neurons in the dorsal horn
28
Q

what synapses in the substantia gelatinosa of dorsal horn

A

A and C afferents

29
Q

decussate and travel up the cord in the ____ tract to the thalamus, VPL, and then to S1

A

spinothalamic

30
Q

the trigeminothalamic tract (dorsal trigeminal tract)

A
  • touch, vibration
  • CN V, from face to main sensory nucleus of V
31
Q

the trigeminothalamic tract (ventral trigeminal tract)

A
  • pain, temperature
  • spinal trigeminal tract
  • spinal trigeminal nucleus
32
Q

somatotopic map in S1 of contralateral body

A

neighboring receptors in skin send information to neighboring cells in VPL/VPM which send information to neighboring cells in S1

33
Q

damage to somatosensory cortex results in:

A

contralateral sensory deficits

34
Q

somatotopic map of facial vibrissae in mouse SI

A
  • sensory signals from each vibrissa follicle go to one cluster of SI neurons called a “barrel”
  • barrel cortex in SI
35
Q

areas 3b and 1

A

cutaneuous stimuli

36
Q

areas 3a and 2

A

proprioceptive stimuli from muscles and joints

37
Q

functional columns in neocortex

A
  • found within the somatopic map
  • neurons with same modality from pia to white matter
  • slowly adapting neurons
  • rapidly adapting neurons
38
Q

the posterior parietal cortex

A
  • involved in somatic sensation
  • analysis of “where” things are from visual inputs
39
Q

agnosia

A

inability to recognize objects

40
Q

astereognosia

A

loss of stereognosis: the ability to perceive the form of an object by using the sense of touch

41
Q

neglect syndrome

A

part of body or part of world is ignored

42
Q

parietal neglect in dogs

A
  • don’t eat half the bowl of food
  • run into things on neglected side
  • circling

cognition & senses - wk 2 (5 decks)

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