Somatosensory System

Question 1

the structural organization that gives rise to ____ ensures that location of the stimulus as applied to the body can be accurately identified

Answer 1

somatotopic mapping

Question 2

somatosensory signals from the skin project into the brain via ______ , allowing precise perception of location on the body surface

Answer 2

labeled lines

Question 3

Somatosensory fibers from the viscera have a relatively _____ resulting in poor discrimination of the precise location

Answer 3

Large receptive field

Question 4

our brain may _____ arising from visceral receptors to a somatic location due to lack of discrimination

Answer 4

refer neural signaling

Question 5

large diameter, heavy myelin sheath (fastest conducting)

Answer 5

A-fiber (Type 1)

Question 6

medium diameter, myelinated

Answer 6

A-beta (Type 2)

Question 7

small diameter, myelinated

Answer 7

A-delta

Question 8

unmyelinated (slowest conducting)

Answer 8

C

Question 9

What are the two mechano receptors in the superficial skin?

Answer 9

Merkel’s disk

Meissner’s corpuscle

Question 10

What are the two mechano receptors of the deep skin?

Answer 10

Ruffini corpuscle

Pacinian corpuscle

Question 11

Mechano receptors of the superficial skin are what kind fiber?

Answer 11

A alpha

Question 12

Mechano receptors of the deep skin are what kind of fiber?

Answer 12

A beta

Question 13

maintains signaling (at a relatively steady frequency) throughout the duration that the stimulus is applied

Answer 13

Slow adapting

Question 14

maintains signaling just while the stimulus intensity is changing

Answer 14

Rapidly adapting

Question 15

_____ corpuscles are slowly adapting (deep skin)

Answer 15

Ruffini’s

Question 16

_____ corpuscles are rapidly adapting (deep skin)

Answer 16

Pacinian

Question 17

_____ disks are slowly adapting (superficial skin)

Answer 17

Merkel’s disk

Question 18

______ corpuscles are rapidly adapting (superficial skin)

Answer 18

Meissner’s

Question 19

heat receptors [warm to hot]: 95 to 110°F (C fibers)

Are what kind of fibers?

Answer 19

C fibers

Question 20

cold receptors [cool to cold]: 85 to 60°F are what kind of fibers?

Answer 20

Ad fibers

Question 21

T/F thermoreceptors are most sensitive to changes in temperature; most adapt rapidly to sustained temperature

Answer 21

True

Question 22

what differentiates a nociceptor from a non-nociceptive somatosensory receptor is the receptor’s _____

Answer 22

stimulus threshold

Question 23

Nociceptors have a ____ stimulus threshold, compared to non-nociceptive receptors

Answer 23

higher

Question 24

strength of the nervous signaling that the receptor generates in response to a given strength of stimulus intensity

Answer 24

receptor sensitivity

Question 25

a change in the peripheral receptor sensitivity to a given stimulus

Answer 25

primary:

Question 26

a change in the strength of synaptic transmission of peripheral afferent signals arising from the nociceptors to the second order relay neurons

Answer 26

secondary

Question 27

sensitization (an increase in the receptor sensitivity)

Answer 27

hyperalgesia

Question 28

desensitization (a reduction in the receptor sensitivity)

Answer 28

analgesia

Question 29

Change in peripheral sensitivity to a given stimulus

Answer 29

Primary

Question 30

A change of synaptic transmission of peripheral afferent signals arising from the nociception to the second orders relay neurons

Answer 30

Secondary

Question 31

What chemicals are secreted by damaged cells to activate nociceptors

Answer 31

H+ Serotonin Bradykinin Histamine

Question 32

Primary hyperalgesia may arise from sensitization of _____

Answer 32

Peripheral nociceptors

Question 33

To prevent further damage the surrounding tissues become ____

Answer 33

Hyperalgesic (sensitive)

Question 34

Secondary hyperalgesia may arise from sensitization of the _______ for ascending nociceptive signaling

Answer 34

Dorsal horn synaptic relay

Question 35

Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain

Answer 35

allodynia

Question 36

Pain that initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction within the central nervous system

Answer 36

Central Pain

Question 37

Pain in the distribution of a nerve

Answer 37

Neuralgia

Question 38

Pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion, dysfunction, or transitory perturbation in the peripheral or CNS

Answer 38

Neurogenic pain

Question 39

The specific field for a set of neurons

Answer 39

Receptive field

Question 40

Axon hillock for a receptor

Answer 40

Trigger zone

Question 41

Summation of multiple inputs

Answer 41

Intigration

Question 42

Strengthening or lessening the response of each relay neuron via modulation

Answer 42

Processing

Question 43

Amplifies synaptic transmission

Answer 43

Excitatory

Question 44

Diminishes synaptic transmission

Answer 44

Inhibitory

Question 45

Somatosensory inputs flowing into the dorsal horn will ___ inhibitory interneurons aswell as it's own relay neuron

Answer 45

Excite

Question 46

______ acts to fine tune the sense of touch thus the area surrounding the point of contact will not be inadvertently stimulated

Answer 46

Inhibitory neuron

Question 47

relay neurons to afferent sensory signaling are ____ through both feedforward and feedback inhibitory pathways

Answer 47

restrained

Question 48

Inhibition coming from a parallel first order neuron

Answer 48

Feedforward inhibition

Question 49

Inhibition coming from a parallel second order neuron

Answer 49

Feedback inhibition

Question 50

T/F the brain can inhibit some sensory input from other non-essential stimuli

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Suppressing other background signals

Answer 51

Sculpting

Question 52

Nociceptive A-delta and C fibers project to second order neurons within ____ of the dorsal horn

Answer 52

Lamina I and V

Question 53

____ is the theory behind pain modulation

Answer 53

Gate control theory

Question 54

In gate control- what fiber is conveying pain

Answer 54

C-fiber

Question 55

In gate control- what fiber is trigger inhibition of pain

Answer 55

A-beta

Question 56

In gate control- the C fiber comes from what kind of receptor?

Answer 56

nociceptor

Question 57

In gate control- the A beta fiber comes from what kind of receptor?

Answer 57

Mechanoreceptor

Question 58

Inhibitory interneuronal gating is dependent upon the ____ between nociceptive and non-nociceptive inputs

Answer 58

Balance