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Biology Year 11 Unit 1 > SOR > Flashcards

SOR Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What are the followers of Islam called?

A

Muslims

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2
Q

Who founded Islam and when?

A

Founded by Prophet Muhammad in 610 CE

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3
Q

What is the sacred text of Islam?

A

Qur’an, revealed by Angel Gabriel

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4
Q

What does Islam mean?

A

Submission to the will of Allah

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5
Q

What is Tawhid in Islam?

A

Belief in one God, Allah, who is all-powerful, all-knowing, merciful and just

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6
Q

What is Akhirah in Islam?

A

Belief in resurrection, judgment, and eternal reward (Heaven) or punishment (Hell)

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7
Q

What is the concept of Divine decree in Islam?

A

Allah knows all, but humans have free will and responsibility

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8
Q

What are the Five Pillars of Islam?

A
  1. Shahadah – declaration of faith
  2. Salat – prayer five times daily facing Mecca
  3. Zakat – charitable giving
  4. Sawm – fasting during Ramadan
  5. Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca
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9
Q

What is Sharia Law?

A

Divine law that guides moral and legal conduct

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10
Q

What does Jihad mean in Islam?

A

Struggle to do what is right (inner spiritual effort)

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11
Q

What are the main branches of Islam?

A
  1. Sunni – leader chosen by community
  2. Shi’a – leader must be from Muhammad’s family
  3. Sufi – mystical path, devotion through meditation and chanting
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12
Q

What are the followers of Judaism called?

A

Jews

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13
Q

What is the oldest Abrahamic faith?

A

Judaism

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14
Q

What is the belief system of Judaism?

A

Monotheistic – belief in one G D (YHWH/Adonai)

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15
Q

How was Judaism founded?

A

Founded through Abraham’s covenant and Moses’ laws

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16
Q

What are the sacred texts of Judaism?

A

TaNaK: Torah (law), Nevi’im (prophets), Ketuvim (writings)
Talmud: commentary and interpretation of Torah

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17
Q

What is the Covenant in Judaism?

A

Sacred agreement with G D (Abraham and Moses)

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18
Q

What is the significance of Yom Kippur in Judaism?

A

Atonement and Repentance through fasting, prayer, and self-denial to be forgiven

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19
Q

What does Pikuach Nefesh mean?

A

Sanctity of Life: saving life overrides most laws

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20
Q

What are the moral teachings of Judaism?

A

Free Will, justice, chesed (kindness), tzedakah (charity), tikkun olam (repairing the world)

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21
Q

What are the main branches of Judaism?

A
  1. Orthodox – traditional laws, male-only clergy
  2. Conservative – blend of tradition and reform
  3. Reform – gender-inclusive, more liberal
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22
Q

What are the followers of Christianity called?

A

Christians

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23
Q

What is Christianity based on?

Study These Flashcards
A

The life and teachings of Jesus Christ

24
Q

What is the sacred text of Christianity?

Study These Flashcards
A

Bible (Old and New Testaments)

25
What is the concept of the Trinity in Christianity?
God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit
26
What does the Incarnation & Resurrection mean in Christianity?
Jesus is God in human form, died and rose again
27
What is Salvation in Christianity?
Forgiveness and eternal life through faith and God’s grace
28
What is the Judgment concept in Christianity?
Heaven or Hell based on deeds and belief
29
What are the ethical teachings of Christianity?
Agape (unconditional love), forgiveness, grace, Imago Dei (image of God), free will
30
What are the main branches of Christianity?
1. Catholic – led by Pope, 7 sacraments 2. Protestant – e.g. Anglican, Lutheran; typically 2 sacraments
31
What are the followers of Hinduism called?
Hindus
32
What is the founding structure of Hinduism?
No single founder
33
What is the belief system of Hinduism?
Polytheistic with a belief in Brahman (universal spirit)
34
What are the sacred texts of Hinduism?
Vedas – oldest and most authoritative Upanishads – philosophical, about the soul and Brahman Other: Bhagavad Gita, Ramayana, Mahabharata
35
What is Atman & Rebirth in Hinduism?
Eternal soul reborn based on karma
36
What does Moksha mean in Hinduism?
Liberation from rebirth, union with Brahman
37
What is Dharma in Hinduism?
One’s sacred duty; maintaining order in the universe
38
What are the main gods in Hinduism?
Brahma (creator), Vishnu (preserver), Shiva (destroyer) Others: Lakshmi, Ganesha, Parvati
39
What is the social order in Hinduism?
Caste system (originally ability-based, now birth-based): Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras, and Untouchables
40
What are the main branches of Hinduism?
Vaishnavas (worship Vishnu), Shaivas (worship Shiva), Shaktas (worship Goddess/Devi), Smartas (text-focused)
41
Who founded Buddhism?
Founded by Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) in India
42
What is the goal of Buddhism?
Nirvana – end of suffering and rebirth
43
What are the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism?
1. Life is suffering (dukkha) 2. Suffering comes from desire 3. It can be overcome 4. The Eightfold Path leads to end of suffering
44
What is the Eightfold Path in Buddhism?
Right view, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration
45
What is Karma in Buddhism?
Moral cause and effect
46
What does Samsara mean in Buddhism?
Cycle of rebirth driven by desire
47
What is Nirvana in Buddhism?
Liberation from samsara; enlightenment
48
What are the main branches of Buddhism?
1. Theravada – traditional, scriptures-based 2. Mahayana – includes Bodhisattvas (enlightened beings who help others) 3. Vajrayana – rituals and chants for faster enlightenment
49
What is the belief system of Aboriginal Spirituality?
No single belief system – over 600 language groups
50
What is The Dreaming in Aboriginal Spirituality?
Creation time when ancestral beings formed the land, life, and law
51
What is the connection to land in Aboriginal Spirituality?
Connection to land is spiritual, not just physical
52
What is totemic identity in Aboriginal Spirituality?
Each person has a totem (animal/plant) linked to ancestors
53
How is sacred knowledge passed down in Aboriginal Spirituality?
Through story, dance, song, and art
54
What does 'Country' mean in Aboriginal Spirituality?
Land and people are spiritually one ## Footnote e.g. “I am this land, and this land is me”
55
What is Tagai in Torres Strait Islander Spirituality?
Star-based spiritual belief; gives order to life and guides identity as sea people
56
What is the significance of totemic marine beings in Torres Strait Islander Spirituality?
Spiritual connection to sea creatures
57
What influence has Christianity had on Torres Strait Islander Spirituality?
Since missionaries arrived in 1871, many are now Christian

Biology Year 11 Unit 1 (4 decks)

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