soul mind and body

Question 1

plato- the argument from opposites

Answer 1

-Plato’s dualism is the view that everything has an opposite, Life & Death
-soul is the real, unchanging part which can help us to access truth & reality from the realm of the forms
-body is like a prison for the soul the soul wishes it could go back to the form of the realms
-the body is not permanent is the soul must be permanent

Question 2

plato- the charioteer

Answer 2

• the soul works best when the reason is in charge
• our appetite can lead us to do bad things
• we need will to inspire us to do the right thing

Question 3

plato- the argument from recollection

Answer 3

-the soul has already existed in the realm of the forms so has innate knowledge
-True Knowledge is recollected by the soul and not learnt

Question 4

plato- myth of er

Answer 4

-how the soul returns to the realm of the forms & how it returns again to the world​

Question 5

aristotle- the soul

Answer 5

-Exists​
-Is the life giving force of the body​
-De anima is the word which he gives to the soul​
-He uses the example of sealing wax to explain​

Question 6

aristotle- sealing wax

Answer 6

-the wax imprint is like the body of a living being
-the wax imprint cannot exist without the stamp
- The stamp is therefore like the soul it brings the wax seal to life​

Question 7

substance dualism- cogito ergo sum

Answer 7

‘I think therefore I am’
-the physical part of us cannot think but can be divided up
-the mind cannot be divided
-so we must be made of 2 substances- mind and body

Question 8

substance dualism- gilbert ryle

Answer 8

ghost in the machine- how can a non-material substance control a material substance
- Descartes uses language incorrectly- category error
the university analogy- a stranger walking around university the library and sports facilities then asking where the university is

Question 9

substance dualism- descartes

Answer 9

• the body can be divided into individual parts but the mind is removed as a singular whole
• if somebody is given a body transplant their m kind stays the same- the mind holds the personhood
• the mind and body interact between the pineal gland, this solves the issues oh how the immaterial mind communicates with the material body

Question 10

substance dualism- critiques

Answer 10

-if someone loses a limb it may alter their outlook on life and their personality- the mind and the soul are more closely connected
- you recognise people by their physical characteristic and their mind combined

Question 11

dawkins- materialism

Answer 11

-no substance can survive death and in the future science will explain the consciousness
-the selfish gene- humans are just survival machines like any other animal trying to replicate for future generations

Question 12

dawkins- soul one

Answer 12

-pre scientific understanding of consciousness
-leaves room open for life after death

Question 13

dawkins- soul two

Answer 13

• intelligence and mental ability which gives us an advantage over of animals

Question 14

blackmore- memes

Answer 14

-habits & ideas which are copied by people shaping our minds and cultures.​
‘i’ itself is a meme as when we say things likke i believe or i want we are referring to an inner self
- “deluded meme machines.”