soul, mind and body

Question 1

What was Plato influenced by.

Answer 1

Pythagorean thought.

Question 2

What did Plato define a simple substance to be.

Answer 2

That which cannot be broken into smaller parts.

Question 3

Plato on Socrate’s contemplating the soul.

Answer 3

“The soul is the very likeness or the divine.”

Question 4

What does Plato address poorly/vaugely.

Answer 4

How the spiritual body interacts with the material body.

Question 5

What is Plato’s souls ultimate desire.

Answer 5

To escape the inferior material body it is in.

Question 6

Plato’s philosophical mistake.

Answer 6

Mistaking reason for cause.

Question 7

The formal cause and the soul.

Answer 7

A person is a person because the body is animated by the soul which gives it life.

Question 8

Aristotle’s soul and immortality.

Answer 8

The soul dies when the matter does.

Question 9

The vegetative soul.

Answer 9

Shared with all living things.

Question 10

The appetative soul.

Answer 10

Where we find all passions, appetites and emotion.

Question 11

The intellectual soul.

Answer 11

Rational and directive area of the soul.

Question 12

Aquinas’ interpretation and carry of Aristotle.

Answer 12

That the soul needs the body to be animate, and is something immaterial and incorporeal.

Question 13

Aquinas on the soul.

Answer 13

“It is clear that man is not a soul only, but something composed of soul and body.”

Question 14

Dualism.

Answer 14

Belief we have the two elements of soul and body.

Question 15

Monism.

Answer 15

Belief we are one substance.

Question 16

Materialism.

Answer 16

Form of monism which believes the only substance is a material one.

Question 17

Problem with materialism.

Answer 17

That we have a consiousness with abilities which sucseed our biological or physical benefits/impulses.

Question 18

Main substance dualist.

Answer 18

Descartes.

Question 19

Substance dualism.

Answer 19

Belief that the two elements of mind and body are wholly different substances.

Question 20

Descartes critcism of sense experience.

Answer 20

It can be mistaken, possibly misled by some demon.

Question 21

Cogito.

Answer 21

‘I think therefore i am.’

Question 22

How does Descartes suggest the mind and body are interconnected.

Answer 22

A pineal gland in the brain.

Question 23

How does Ryle describe Descartes view of substance dualism.

Answer 23

“The ghost in the machine”.

Question 24

What type of philosopher is Gilbert Ryle.

Answer 24

An analytic philosopher.

Question 25

What is the purpose of an analytic philosopher.

Answer 25

To provide conceptual clarity.

Question 26

Ryle's critique of Descartes.

Answer 26

Descartes is guilty of a category error.

Question 27

Category error.

Answer 27

Assuming two things to be of the same logical type when they are of different types.

Question 28

Peter Geach on substance dualism.

Answer 28

"It is a savage superstition to suppose that a man consists of two pieces."

Question 29

John Hick on the soul.

Answer 29

We are our bodies but our bodies have a spiritual dimension.

Question 30

Reductionist.

Answer 30

Belief everything can be reduced to statements about physical bodies.

Question 31

Behavourism.

Answer 31

Belief all mental states are simply learned behaviours of bodies.

Question 32

G.E.M Anscombe's contribution.

Answer 32

That statements about the physical body can describe what we do but not why we do it.

Question 33

Dawkins' soul one.

Answer 33

Seperate substance of traditional thought.

Question 34

Dawkins' soul two.

Answer 34

Intellectual and spiritual power, morality, feeling and imagination.

Question 35

Dawkins on consiousness.

Answer 35

That it is a mystery but will someday be able to be explained through enquiry into DNA.

Question 36

B.F. Skinner.

Answer 36

Believes what we call mental states are merely learned behaviours connected to be body.

Question 37

Daniel Denett's book criticising behaviourism.

Answer 37

"Skinner skinned."

Question 38

Dennett's criticism of Skinner.

Answer 38

That he wrongly assumes what is true for animals is true for us.

Question 39

Cottingham on Descartes.

Answer 39

Suggests he can be read differently, as arguing we are made up of body, soul and spirit as experience of passions, emotions, etc cannot be directly categorised into either body or mind.

Question 40

Language issue in discussion of the soul.

Answer 40

There is no unanimous agreed definition.