Soul, Mind and Body Flashcards
Soul
The spiritual or immaterial part of a human being or animal, regarded as immortal.
Mind
The element of a person that enables them to be aware of the world and their experiences, to think, and to feel; the faculty of consciousness and thought.
Body
The physical structure, including the bones, flesh, and organs, of a person or an animal.
Dualism
The philosophical belief that there are two distinct parts to the human: a body and mind (soul).
Reason
The power of the mind to think, understand, and form judgements logically.
Monism
The body and soul exist together.
Hierarchy of the Soul
Aristotle’s idea that the soul has a variety of functions some which are more important than others.
Nutritive Soul
Found in plants: it makes the plant alive and governs the process of growth, assimilation of foodstuffs, sunlight, and water, and, in the flourishing stage, the reproduction of the plant.
Sensitive Soul
The capacity for perception, including pleasure and pain; closely associated with its sense-related desire; the desire for pleasant things and the aversion to painful ones.
Rational Soul
The soul that in the scholastic tradition has independent existence apart from the body and that is the characteristic animating principle of human life as distinguished from animal or vegetable life.
Substance Dualism/Cartesian Dualism
Substance Dualism is a variety of dualism in the philosophy of mind which states that two sorts of substances exist: the mental and the physical. Substance dualism is a fundamentally ontological position: it states that the mental and the physical are separate substances with independent existence.
Hard Materialism
The theory or belief that nothing exists except matter and its movements and modifications.
