sound, light, and electricity test

Question 1

what is sound?

Answer 1

types of waves

Question 2

what is a wavelength?

Answer 2

distance from identical parts of a wave

Question 3

what is an amplitude?

Answer 3

height of a wave from the rest positionq

Question 4

what is frequency?

Answer 4

number of complete waves that pass a fixed point in a given time (change in pitch)

Question 5

what is reflection?

Answer 5

when a wave strikes a surface and bounces off of it

Question 6

what is refraction>

Answer 6

the bending of wabes as they enter a new medium-bending occurs due to the chanfe of speed in the wavee

Question 7

what is diffraction?

Answer 7

change in behavior of a wave as it encounters obstacles

Question 8

what is the doppler effect?

Answer 8

the apparent change in frequency of a wave as the source moves in relation to the observer move by ear

Question 9

what is resonance?

Answer 9

when an oject is struckby a wave that matches it’s natural frquncy, the object will vibrate

Question 10

what is the perception of sound?

Answer 10

the distance from the source, or amount of energy required

Question 11

what is intensity?

Answer 11

the amount of energy a sound wave carries per second through a unit area

Question 12

what is pitch?

Answer 12

how high or low a sound seems to an observer

Question 13

what are photons?

Answer 13

“packets” of light energy

Question 14

what is a particle model?

Answer 14

when light shines on surfaces, electrons on that surface became “excited”

Question 15

what is a wave model?

Answer 15

waves of light travel as two interlocking transverse waves at 90 degree angles to each other (polarized filters)

Question 16

what is the photoelectric efffect?

Answer 16

• discovered by Einstein
• when light hits a substance, the electrons can become so “excited” that they are essentially kocked off of the substance

Question 17

what is electricity?

Answer 17

a flow of electrons from place place

Question 18

what is a gradient?

Answer 18

a difference in concentration of something

Question 19

what is a current?

Answer 19

continuous flow of electrons, measured in amps

Question 20

what is voltage?

Answer 20

the difference in electrical potential in a circuit, measured in volts (also called potential difference)

Question 21

what is resistance?

Answer 21

opposition to the flow of a current, measured in ohms

Question 22

what is ohms law?

Answer 22

v = i x r

Question 23

types of circuits?

Answer 23

series, parallel, complex

Question 24

what is a series circuit?

Answer 24

only 1 continuous path for electricity to travel

Question 25

what is a parallel circuit?

Answer 25

multiple paths for electricity

Question 26

factors affecting resistance?

Answer 26

- diameter of wire - length of wire - temp. of wire - type of wire

Question 27

what is the series circuit equation?

Answer 27

Rt= R1+R2+R3

Question 28

what is the parallel circuit equation?

Answer 28

Rt+ 1/ ( 1/R + 1/R + 1/R)

Question 29

in a series circuit, what is constant?

Answer 29

current

Question 30

in a parallel circuit, what is constant?

Answer 30

voltage

Question 31

who was luigi galvani?

Answer 31

1780, researched frogs | -galvani was dissecting a frog on a table, and there was a spark

Question 32

who was alessandra volta?

Answer 32

took galvani's research to make the first battery

Question 33

what was the first battery made from?

Answer 33

volta layered zinc, paper soaked in salt water, and silver

Question 34

what is an electrade?

Answer 34

piece of metal sitting in an electrolyte

Question 35

what is an electrolyte?

Answer 35

a substance, liquid or paste, that conducts electric current

Question 36

what is a terminal?

Answer 36

the part of the electrolyte that sticks out of the electrolyte

Question 37

what is a battery?

Answer 37

a combination of 2 or more electrochemical cells

Question 38

what are wet cells?

Answer 38

when the electrolyte is a liquid

Question 39

what are dry cells?

Answer 39

when the electrolyte is a paste

Question 40

what does electricity follow?

Answer 40

the path of least resistance

Question 41

what is static electricity?

Answer 41

when electric charges build up on the surface of an object | called "static" because the charges don't flow (no current)

Question 42

what is friction?

Answer 42

when 2 uncharged objects rub together creating a charge on 1 of the objects

Question 43

what is conduction?

Answer 43

when a charged (static discharge) object transfers charge to another by direct contact

Question 44

what is induction?

Answer 44

when the electrons in a charged object move because of the electric field of another object