Sound Reception Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is the subgenual organ ?
The most basic form of reception- All insects
Substrate based communication
Found in the tibia of each leg
Describe how the subgenual organ functions.
Leg is filled with Haemolymph
Ground oscillates, foot moves
Compresses haemolymph In lower leg
Whole tibia moves up and down to represent oscillations
On which species are Hair-like Sensillae found ?
Insects. Detect airbourne sound
What do arachnids have to detect air bourne sounds ?
Trichobothria
What are Trichobothria ?
minute hairs which follow the particle movement in air
Hair moves when sound wave
Have mechano-sensory cells at their base.
Give a species example of an organisms which uses Trichobothria.
Scorpions, used to catch aerial prey
What is the Johnston’s organ ?
Found at the base of a fly antennae
Detects antennal movement
How do mosquitoes use the Johnston organ ?
To hear the flight noise of the females
Enables them to mate
Tympanal ears have only evolved once in insects
True or False ?
False, they have evolved many times
How do Tympanal ears function ?
They measure sound pressure
Most sensitive sound detection
Where are Tympanal ears found ?
On many diff. body parts
(Legs, knee)
Tympanal ears evolved from substrate sound
How have Tympanal ears evolved to avoid bat predation ?
Are sensitive to ultrasound.
What adaption do lacewings have for hearing ?
Small bulbous structure
Acts as an eardrum
Describe how the hearing of mammals works.
Pinna collects and funnels sound
Sound waves vibrate tympanic membrane
Ossicles of middle ear transfer vibratory motion of eardrum to oval window of inner ear
Inducing pressure waves in fluid of cohlea
Pressure waves are detected in cochlea by receptor cells in Organ of corti
Describe the structures that sound passes through.
Pinna Tympanic membrane Ossicles of middle ear Inner ear Fluid of cochlea Cochlea Organ of Corti
What is the function of the ossicles of the middle ear ?
Are crucial in the transfer of sound from air to fluid
Ossciles of ear transfer vibratory motion of eardrum to oval window of inner ear
Inducing pressure waves in fluid of cochlea
What are the pressure waves in the fluid of cochlea detected by ?
Receptor cells in the organ of Corti.
What do sound waves vibrate in the ear ?
The tympanic membrane ?
What do aquatic mammals mainly receive sounds via ?
Bones and skulls, Not eardrums
Describe the sound structures not present in the toothed whales.
No outer and middle ear, no eardrum.
What structure is used in the toothed whales to pick up sound ?
The lower Jaw
Fatty tissue & teeth (antennae) also have role
Sound conducting tissue then leads the sound to the inner ear.
Describe the structure of the organ of corti.
Basliar membrane upon which outer and inner hair cells sit.
Hair cells found at the end of nerve fibres
All hair cells are connected to the Tectorial membrane.
What is the function of the inner hair cells ?
When deformed change rate of neurotransmitter release
This effects the number of Action potentials generated by the sensory neurone.
What is the function of the cochlea ?
The pressure wave enters the oval window
Vibrates the basilar membrane and organ of corti
This cause deflection of hair cells and action potentials in neurons.
