Source Paper Revision Flashcards
Nature of slavery
-they carried out a combination of church and secret worship
-through song and story they detached themselves from daily life
-diet
-housing
-public humiliation + whipping
-paternalism
-separation from family
-evidence of healthcare for slaves
-long hours
-
Nature of slavery historians
-fogel and engerman compared to that of a free man
-peter j parish believed there diet was ‘adequate’
Impact of Kansas Nebraska act
-south happy
-north mad
-1856 election split Buchanan D (for) and Freemont against R
-key topic for Lincoln Douglas debate
-led to bleeding Sumner 1856
-Douglas believed it would help with divisions between democrats
-many believed it would become free territory due to geographical area and climate
-erased stability of Missouri compromise
-emergence of other political parties due to divisions in Whigs
Kansas Nebraska Act Historians
-farmer believes that Douglas did not predict Northern outrage and so weakened his own party, damaged own presidential ambitions and revives North-South rivalry
-Hugh Tulloch take the view that the Kansas Nebraska act erased the stability of the Missouri comp
Reasons for growth in tensions up to 1850
-Uncle Toms Cabin publishes by Harriet Beecher Stowee
-fugitive slave law 1850
-slave power conspiracy
-1850 compromise
-Lecompton vs Topeka
-democrat control of presidency for nearly 50 years
-5/7 supreme court judges were from southern states
-dredd scott case
-john browns raid
-bleeding sumner
-kansas nebraska act
-lincoln douglas debate
Growth In tensions historians
- William Gienapp takes the view that the republicans who emerges in 1854 were united in opposition to ‘slave power’
-Ludwell Johnson takes the view that the 1850 compromise inflicted fatal ‘internal damage’ to both national political parties
Reasons For Southern Secession
-Sothern’s believed all republicans and Lincoln were abolitionist and end slavery if he was elected
-new terroitories such as kansas nebraska
-concept of a blundering generation
-doctrine of states rights
-northern perception of ‘slave power conspiracy’
-north and south divides into two sections
-economic disagreements
-splits within democrats allowed for the election of lincoln
Reasons for southern secession historians
-William Gienapp takes the view that republicans had united in oppositon to the slave power
-David Donald takes the view that the politicans were to blame for failing to respond with clear policies that would reduce tensions and calm the escalating conflict
Impact of dredd scott case
-northerns and abolitionist shocked
-southern states saw it as end of fight and their victory
-southyerns also feared northerns would not accept the decison
-southerns states rughts accepted
-lincoln emphasised dangers in his ‘house divided speech’ in 1858
-douglas famous freeport doctrine in 1858 challenged the supreme courts decesion
Dredd Scott Decision Historians
-Hugh tulloch takes the view tha the 1857 decision merely re-affirmed the view that slaves were mere property
-Don E Fehrenbacher believes that the decision was a result of error, inconsistency and misrepresentation
Leadership of grant
-early success e.g vicksburg
-development of the idea of a total war
-‘butcher grant’, human costs of his tactics too high
-personal fratilites, alleged drunkness
-strategy aimes at destroying the souths will to continue the war
-respect for chain of command and commander in chief
-awarness of political implications of military events
Leadership of grant historians
-Susan Mary Grant took the view that grant worked will with Lincoln as he recognized the need for the general in chief to be subservient to commander in chief
-McPherson believes that the capture of vicksburg was one of the most important strategic victories in the whole war
African American Contribution to the civil war
-African American soldiers helped northern opinion to emancipation proc
-runaway enslaved people destabilised southern economy and abilty to wage a war. Estimated 500,000 slaves fled to union armies
-only allowed in navy for some time
-pay differences (couldnt rise ranks)
African American Contribution Historians
-Susan Mary Grant argues the decison to raise african american regiments was viewed as a necessary war measure.
-Gabor Boritt takes the view that their absence would have limited grants ‘total war’ tactics
Reasons For Emancipation Proclamation
-foreign involvment , ensure the war remained a domestic conflict
-Lincoln didn’t have constitutional power to abolish slavery so used it as milatry measure
-lincoln against slavery not abolotionist tho
-would black soldiers take risks in battles without the proc
-would be a blow to south and positive to north
-southern econmy built on slavery
Emancipation Proclamation Historians
-Kenneth M stampp takes the view that Lincoln was reluctant to emancipate the enslaved peoples, but the war demanded such drastic action
-La wanda Cox views that Lincoln actions looked towards long-term racial equality
Reasons for southern defeat 1865
-leadership of Lincoln
-failure of king cotton diplomacy - win foreign recognition
-issues if states rights
-union superior in industrial and army
-union blockades - couldn’t access supplies
-political campaigning for positions took up unnesscary time e.g beuagaurd vs Joe Johnston at manassas
Reasons for southern defeat Historian
Frank owsley - takes view that souther defeat was attributed to the issue of states rights
Harry Williams northern victory was the result of the superiority of northern military leadership towards the end of the conflict
Lincolns relationship with his generals
-L and McLellan differing views on purpose of war
-several appointees were based on political allegiance over military ability
-wasn’t until grant Lincoln found a general who shared similar views on war effort
-Lincoln critism of Meade (failure to capture lee at Gettsburg and cautious approach)
-Political difference with McClellan he was democrat and didn’t support the emancip
-McLellan disregarded orders and was overly confident and optimist about war effort
Lincolns Relationship with generals Historians
Mcpherson argues several of Lincolns appointed for political reasons and were incompetent on the battlefields
Hugh Tulloch argues the North paid dearly for the caution of MClellan
Military Leadership of Lee
-his ability to analyse situations and develop innovative strategies when facing overwhelming odds
-he often took risks e.g invading north which was unsuccessful
-tactical powers evident in victories e.g 7 days and chancellorsville
-dedication to troops
Military Leadership of Lee historians
David Blight “Lee was a tragic figure, not because of the defeat he suffered, but because of the cause he choose to fight for”
Douglas Freeman “Lee is a figure so luminous, so heroric, that the very atmosphere around him became charged with an emotional intensity
Reasons for emergence of republican party
-norther’s believed that political factors should unites together in a unified anti-slavery intensity
-bleeding sumner
-5/7 supreme court judges from southern states
-SD repealed the missouri comp caused outrage in North
-democrats had presidency for 50 years
-slave power conspiracy
-Bleeding Kansas
-whigs collapsed following kansas nebraska
Emergence of republicans historians
Farmer believes that slave power conspiracy was an article of faith for all republicans
Hugh Tulloch suggests the birth of the republican party occurred in the aftermath of the kansas nebraska countary
