Sources Of Drugs (chap 1)

Question 1

What is pharmacy

Answer 1

Pharmacy talks only about the drug or it is the profession or science of preparing, dispensing and ensuring the safe and effective use of the drug

Question 2

What is pharmacology

Answer 2

Pharmacology is the study of how the drug interacts on the living organism, it focuses on the
1. Mechanisms of the drug action
2. Effects of the drug on the system
3. Toxicity and its side effects

Question 3

What is drug

Answer 3

Any substance or product that is intended to used to
1. Prevent, treat and diagnose a disease
2. Alternatively biological processes or
3. Modify physiological functions
For the benefit of the patient

Question 4

What is pharmacognosy

Answer 4

The study of medicine or drug that is produced from natural sources such as plants, animals and microbes

Question 5

Drug(example) that is used to
1.prevent
2.treat
3.diagnose
4. Modify physiological processes

Answer 5

1. Vaccines
2. Paracetamol
3. Iohexol for CT scans
4. Supplements for vitamin

Question 6

What are the two main points to look in a drug

Answer 6

Safety and efficacy(meaning effectiveness)

Question 7

What is clinical and pre clinical

Answer 7

Pre clinical are the trails performed on (mainly) animals before it is used on humans while clinical is the trail performed on humans

Question 8

Name the source of drugs

Answer 8

1. Plant sources
2. Animal sources
3. Microbiological sources
4. Mineral sources
5. Synthetic and semi synthetic sources
6. Recombinant dna technology
7. Monoclonal antibodies
   ( 1. To 4. Main points)

Question 9

Name some plant drugs sources

Answer 9

1. Nicotiana tobacum
2. Opium or poppy seeds
3. Atropa belladonna
   4.Foxglove or digitalis purpurea
4. Vinca rosea
5. Cinchona pubescens
6. Rauwolfia serpentina
   (Main example 1 to 5)

Question 10

Nicotiana tobacum produces which drug and what is it used for

Answer 10

Drug: nicotine
Use: stimulate the nicotine receptors
(Causes rapid neural and neuromuscular transmission)

Question 11

What drug opium seed produces and uses

Answer 11

Drug : morphine
Uses: analgesic ( painkillers)
(Helps to treat pain and used as sedative)
Sedative helps in slowing down brain functioning

Question 12

Atropa belladonna produces which drug and uses

Answer 12

Drug: atropine
Uses: anticholinergic drug for op poisoning (organophosphate poisoning) also used primarily to dilute the eyes

[Anticholinergic drugs block the activity of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that controls involuntary muscle movements]

Question 13

What does belladonna mean and what is the history related to that

Answer 13

Belladonna means pretty woman as women used the juice of the berries of this plant to dilute their eyes since it was considered pretty at that time period

Question 14

Vina rosea produces which drug and uses

Answer 14

Drug: Vinca alkaloid ( starts with ‘vin’)
Uses: anticancer, diabetes and high blood pressure

Question 15

Foxglove or digitalis purpurea produces which drug and uses

Answer 15

Drug: digitalis
Uses: to treat heart failures (CHF) and heart rhythm problems

Question 16

Which famous artist is associated with digitalis and what r the side effect

Answer 16

Artist: Vincent Van Gogh
Side Effects: yellowish vision and hallucinations

Question 17

Cinchona pubescens produce which drug and uses

Answer 17

Drug: Quinine
Uses: malaria

Question 18

Rauwolfia serpentina produces which drug and uses

Answer 18

Drug: rauwolfia alkaloid example reserpine
Used : to treat hypertension ( anti hypertensive agent)

Question 19

Rauwolfia is commonly found in

Answer 19

India

Question 20

1. Which plant is the source of codeine, a cough suppressant?
   A) Opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum)
   B) Willow bark (Salix alba)
   C) Jaborandi plant (Pilocarpus jaborandi)
   D) Foxglove plant (Digitalis purpurea)
2. What is the primary use of aspirin derived from willow bark?
   A) Treating muscle spasms
   B) Relieving pain and reducing inflammation
   C) Dilating pupils
   D) Lowering blood pressure
3. Which plant is used to treat glaucoma?
   A) Opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum)
   B) Jaborandi plant (Pilocarpus jaborandi)
   C) Deadly nightshade plant (Atropa belladonna)
   D) Indian snakeroot plant (Rauwolfia serpentina)
4. What is the effect of atropine derived from the deadly nightshade plant?
   A) Constricts pupils
   B) Dilates pupils
   C) Lowers blood pressure
   D) Relieves pain
5. Which compound is used to treat congestive heart failure?
   A) Digoxin
   B) Caffeine
   C) Hyoscyamine
   D) Reserpine
6. What is the primary use of caffeine derived from the tea plant?
   A) Treating muscle spasms
   B) Relieving pain and reducing inflammation
   C) Stimulating the central nervous system
   D) Lowering blood pressure
7. Which plant is the source of benzoin, an oral disinfectant?
   A) Styrax tonkinensis
   B) Opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum)
   C) Willow bark (Salix alba)
   D) Jaborandi plant (Pilocarpus jaborandi)

Answer 20

Here are the answers:

1. A) Opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum)
2. B) Relieving pain and reducing inflammation
3. B) Jaborandi plant (Pilocarpus jaborandi)
4. B) Dilates pupils
5. A) Digoxin
6. C) Stimulating the central nervous system
7. A) Styrax tonkinensis

Question 21

Here are 7 MCQs based on the list:

1. Which hormone is responsible for preparing the body for “fight or flight” responses?
   A) Thyroxine
   B) Oxytocin
   C) Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
   D) Insulin
2. Which digestive enzyme breaks down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids during digestion?
   A) Pepsin
   B) Trypsin
   C) Pancreatin
   D) Both A and B
3. What is the primary use of insulin?
   A) Treating diabetes
   B) Preventing thrombosis
   C) Regulating metabolism
   D) Stimulating uterine contractions
4. Which substance is used as an antidote for heparin?
   A) Protamine Sulphate
   B) Antitoxin (H66)
   C) Fibrinolysin
   D) Cod Liver Oil
5. What is the primary function of oxytocin?
   A) Regulating metabolism
   B) Stimulating uterine contractions
   C) Breaking down blood clots
   D) Immunizing against diseases
6. Which substance is derived from cod liver and is used to treat vitamin deficiencies?
   A) Cod Liver Oil
   B) Antitoxin (H66)
   C) Fibrinolysin
   D) Pancreatin
7. What is the medical condition characterized by the formation of blood clots within blood vessels?
   A) Thrombosis
   B) Diabetes
   C) Metabolism disorder
   D) Digestive enzyme deficiency

Answer 21

Here are the answers:

1. C) Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
2. D) Both A and B
3. A) Treating diabetes
4. A) Protamine Sulphate
5. B) Stimulating uterine contractions
6. A) Cod Liver Oil
7. A) Thrombosis

Question 22

List the animal sources

Answer 22

1. Adrenaline (Adr.) - Epinephrine
   
   • Source: Adrenal glands
   • Function: Prepares the body for “fight or flight” responses
2. Thyroxine
   
   • Source: Sheep thyroid gland
   • Function: Regulates metabolism, growth, and development
3. Oxytocin
   
   • Source: Posterior pituitary gland
   • Function: Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk letdown during lactation

1. Pepsin, Trypsin
   
   • Source: Stomach lining
   • Function: Break down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids during digestion
2. Pancreatin
   
   • Source: Pancreas (pig)
   • Function: Breaks down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
3. Pepsin
   
   • Source: Cow stomach
   • Function: Digestive enzyme

1. Insulin
   
   • Source: Cow/Pig Pancreas
   • Use: Diabetes
2. Protamine Sulphate
   
   • Source: Fish Sperm
   • Use: Antidote for heparin
3. Heparin
   
   • Source: Ox Lung
   • Use: Anticoagulant
4. Cod Liver Oil
   
   • Source: Cod Liver
   • Use: Vitamin A & D deficiencies
5. Antitoxin (H66)
   
   • Source: Horse serum
   • Use: Treats diseases such as diphtheria and tetanus

1. Vaccine
   
   • Source: Blood serum
   • Function: Immunization against specific diseases
2. Fibrinolysin
   
   • Source: Human plasma
   • Function: Breaks down blood clots (fibrin) to prevent thrombosis

1. Thrombosis
   
   • Condition: Formation of blood clots within blood vessels, leading to blockages and tissue damage.

Question 23

Here are 7 more MCQs:

1. Which part of the body produces adrenaline (epinephrine)?
   A) Thyroid gland
   B) Adrenal glands
   C) Pancreas
   D) Pituitary gland
2. What is the primary function of pancreatin?
   A) Breaking down proteins
   B) Regulating metabolism
   C) Breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
   D) Stimulating uterine contractions
3. Which substance is used to treat diseases such as diphtheria and tetanus?
   A) Antitoxin (H66)
   B) Fibrinolysin
   C) Cod Liver Oil
   D) Protamine Sulphate
4. What is the primary use of heparin?
   A) Treating diabetes
   B) Preventing thrombosis
   C) Regulating metabolism
   D) Stimulating uterine contractions
5. Which part of the body produces thyroxine?
   A) Thyroid gland
   B) Adrenal glands
   C) Pancreas
   D) Pituitary gland
6. What is the primary function of fibrinolysin?
   A) Breaking down blood clots
   B) Regulating metabolism
   C) Breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
   D) Stimulating uterine contractions
7. Which substance is derived from fish sperm and is used as an antidote for heparin?
   A) Protamine Sulphate
   B) Antitoxin (H66)
   C) Fibrinolysin
   D) Cod Liver Oil

Answer 23

Here are the answers:

1. B) Adrenal glands
2. C) Breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
3. A) Antitoxin (H66)
4. B) Preventing thrombosis
5. A) Thyroid gland
6. A) Breaking down blood clots
7. A) Protamine Sulphate

Question 24

Here are 7 fill-in-the-blank questions:

1. The hormone _______________________ is produced by the adrenal glands and prepares the body for “fight or flight” responses.
2. The digestive enzyme _______________________ breaks down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids during digestion.
3. The medicinal substance _______________________ is used to treat diabetes and is produced by the pancreas of cows and pigs.
4. The anticoagulant _______________________ is produced by ox lungs and prevents the formation of blood clots.
5. The substance _______________________ is used as an antidote for heparin and is produced by fish sperm.
6. The medical condition _______________________ is characterized by the formation of blood clots within blood vessels, leading to blockages and tissue damage.
7. The substance _______________________ is used to immunize against specific diseases and is produced from blood serum.

Answer 24

Here are the answers:

1. Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
2. Pepsin, Trypsin
3. Insulin
4. Heparin
5. Protamine Sulphate
6. Thrombosis
7. Vaccine

Question 25

## Fill-in-the-blank Questions 1. The hormone _______________________ is produced by the posterior pituitary gland and stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth. 2. The digestive enzyme _______________________ breaks down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and is produced by the pancreas of pigs. 3. The medicinal substance _______________________ is used to treat vitamin A and D deficiencies and is produced from cod liver. 4. The _______________________ is used to treat diseases such as diphtheria and tetanus and is produced from horse serum. 5. The substance _______________________ breaks down blood clots (fibrin) to prevent thrombosis and is produced from human plasma. 6. The hormone _______________________ regulates metabolism, growth, and development and is produced by the thyroid gland of sheep. 7. The medicinal substance _______________________ is used as an antidote for heparin and is produced from fish sperm, and its chemical name is _______________________.

Answer 25

Here are the answers: ## Fill-in-the-blank Answers 1. Oxytocin 2. Pancreatin 3. Cod Liver Oil 4. Antitoxin (H66) 5. Fibrinolysin 6. Thyroxine 7. Protamine Sulphate, Protamine Sulphate

Question 26

Here are 7 true or false questions: ## True or False Questions 1. True or False: Adrenaline (Epinephrine) is produced by the thyroid gland. 2. True or False: Pancreatin is a digestive enzyme that breaks down only carbohydrates. 3. True or False: Insulin is used to treat vitamin A and D deficiencies. 4. True or False: Heparin is an anticoagulant that prevents the formation of blood clots. 5. True or False: Oxytocin is produced by the adrenal glands. 6. True or False: Fibrinolysin breaks down blood clots (fibrin) to prevent thrombosis. 7. True or False: Thyroxine regulates metabolism, growth, and development and is produced by the adrenal glands.

Answer 26

Here are the answers: ## True or False Answers 1. False (Adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands) 2. False (Pancreatin breaks down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) 3. False (Insulin is used to treat diabetes) 4. True 5. False (Oxytocin is produced by the posterior pituitary gland) 6. True 7. False (Thyroxine is produced by the thyroid gland)

Question 27

List the microbiological sources

Answer 27

Here is the list: ## Microorganism Sources of Drugs 1. _Penicillium notatum_: Penicillin 2. _Penicillium griseofulvum_: Griseofulvin 3. _Streptomyces griseus_: Streptomycin 4. _Streptomyces orientalis_: Vancomycin 5. _Bacillus polymyxa_: Polymyxin B 6. _Streptomyces erythreus_: Erythromycin 7. _Streptomyces fradiae_: Neomycin

Question 28

Here are 5 multiple-choice questions based on the list: ## Microorganism Sources of Drugs MCQs 1. Which microorganism is the source of Penicillin? A) Streptomyces griseus B) Penicillium notatum C) Bacillus polymyxa D) Streptomyces erythreus 2. Which antibiotic is produced by Streptomyces orientalis? A) Streptomycin B) Vancomycin C) Erythromycin D) Neomycin 3. What is the source of Griseofulvin? A) Penicillium notatum B) Penicillium griseofulvum C) Streptomyces griseus D) Bacillus polymyxa 4. Which microorganism produces Polymyxin B? A) Streptomyces erythreus B) Bacillus polymyxa C) Streptomyces fradiae D) Penicillium notatum 5. Which antibiotic is produced by Streptomyces fradiae? A) Erythromycin B) Neomycin C) Streptomycin D) Vancomycin

Answer 28

Here are the answers: ## Microorganism Sources of Drugs MCQs Answers 1. B) Penicillium notatum 2. B) Vancomycin 3. B) Penicillium griseofulvum 4. B) Bacillus polymyxa 5. B) Neomycin

Question 29

## Microorganism Sources of Drugs MCQs 1. Which of the following microorganisms produces Streptomycin? A) Streptomyces erythreus B) Streptomyces griseus C) Penicillium notatum D) Bacillus polymyxa 2. What is the source of Erythromycin? A) Streptomyces griseus B) Streptomyces erythreus C) Penicillium griseofulvum D) Bacillus polymyxa 3. Which antibiotic is produced by Penicillium griseofulvum? A) Penicillin B) Griseofulvin C) Streptomycin D) Vancomycin 4. Which of the following microorganisms produces Neomycin? A) Streptomyces erythreus B) Streptomyces fradiae C) Penicillium notatum D) Bacillus polymyxa 5. Which microorganism is the source of Vancomycin? A) Streptomyces griseus B) Streptomyces orientalis C) Penicillium notatum D) Bacillus polymyxa

Answer 29

Here are the answers: ## Microorganism Sources of Drugs MCQs Answers 1. B) Streptomyces griseus 2. B) Streptomyces erythreus 3. B) Griseofulvin 4. B) Streptomyces fradiae 5. B) Streptomyces orientalis

Question 30

## Microorganism Sources of Drugs True or False 1. True or False: Penicillium griseofulvum is the source of Penicillin. 2. True or False: Streptomyces erythreus produces Neomycin. 3. True or False: Bacillus polymyxa is the source of Polymyxin B. 4. True or False: Streptomyces griseus produces Erythromycin. 5. True or False: Penicillium notatum produces Griseofulvin.

Answer 30

Here are the answers: ## Microorganism Sources of Drugs True or False Answers 1. False (Penicillium notatum is the source of Penicillin) 2. False (Streptomyces fradiae produces Neomycin) 3. True 4. False (Streptomyces erythreus produces Erythromycin) 5. False (Penicillium griseofulvum produces Griseofulvin)

Question 31

## Microorganism Sources of Drugs True or False 1. True or False: Streptomyces orientalis produces Streptomycin. 2. True or False: Penicillium notatum produces Penicillin. 3. True or False: Bacillus polymyxa produces Erythromycin. 4. True or False: Streptomyces fradiae produces Vancomycin. 5. True or False: Streptomyces griseus produces Polymyxin B.

Answer 31

Here are the answers: ## Microorganism Sources of Drugs True or False Answers 1. False (Streptomyces griseus produces Streptomycin, Streptomyces orientalis produces Vancomycin) 2. True 3. False (Bacillus polymyxa produces Polymyxin B, Streptomyces erythreus produces Erythromycin) 4. False (Streptomyces fradiae produces Neomycin, Streptomyces orientalis produces Vancomycin) 5. False (Streptomyces griseus produces Streptomycin, Bacillus polymyxa produces Polymyxin B)

Question 32

Here are 5 fill-in-the-blank questions based on the list: ## Microorganism Sources of Drugs Fill-in-the-blank 1. Penicillin is produced by the microorganism _______________________. 2. The antibiotic Griseofulvin is produced by _______________________. 3. _______________________ is the source of the antibiotic Streptomycin. 4. The microorganism _______________________ produces the antibiotic Vancomycin. 5. Erythromycin is produced by the microorganism _______________________.

Answer 32

Here are the answers: ## Microorganism Sources of Drugs Fill-in-the-blank Answers 1. Penicillium notatum 2. Penicillium griseofulvum 3. Streptomyces griseus 4. Streptomyces orientalis 5. Streptomyces erythreus

Question 33

Streptomyces fradiae

Answer 33

Neomycin

Question 34

Erythromycin

Answer 34

Streptomyces erythreus

Question 35

Streptomyces erythreus_:

Answer 35

Erythromycin

Question 36

Polymyxin B

Answer 36

Bacillus polymyxa

Question 37

Vancomycin

Answer 37

Steptomyces orientalis

Question 38

Streptomyces orientalis

Answer 38

Vancomycin

Question 39

Streptomycin

Answer 39

Streptomyces grisus

Question 40

Streptomyces griseus_:

Answer 40

Streptomycin

Question 41

1. _Penicillium notatum_: 2. _Penicillium griseofulvum_:

Answer 41

1.Penicillin 2.Griseofulvin

Question 42

1. _Penicillium notatum_: 2. _Penicillium griseofulvum_: 3. _Streptomyces griseus_: 4. _Streptomyces orientalis_: 5. _Bacillus polymyxa_: 6. _Streptomyces erythreus_: 7. _Streptomyces fradiae_:

Answer 42

1. Penicillin 2.griseofulvin 3.streptomycin 4. Vancomycin 5. Polymyxin 6. Erythromycin 7. Neomycin

Question 43

Here are 5 MCQs based on the list: ## MCQs 1. Which mineral is used to treat anemia? a) Iron b) Iodine c) Fluorine d) Zinc 2. What is the primary use of Sodium Bicarbonate and Aluminium Hydroxide? a) Antiseptic b) Antacid c) Anti-dental caries d) Anti-dandruff shampoo 3. Which substance is used in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant conditions? a) Radioactive Isotopes of Iodine b) Radioactive Isotopes of Phosphorus c) Radioactive Isotopes of Gold d) All of the above 4. Which non-metallic substance is used in ceramics and paper coating? a) Kaolin b) Chalk c) Bentonite d) Talc 5. Which mineral is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis? a) Gold b) Zinc c) Selenium d) Iron

Answer 43

Here are the answers: ## MCQ Answers 1. a) Iron 2. b) Antacid 3. d) All of the above 4. a) Kaolin 5. a) Gold

Question 44

Here are 5 more MCQs: ## MCQs 1. Which mineral is used to prevent dental caries? a) Fluorine b) Iron c) Iodine d) Zinc 2. What is the indication for Mercurial Salts? a) Rheumatoid arthritis b) Syphilis treatment c) Anemia d) Eczema 3. Which substance is used as a liquid paraffin? a) Petroleum b) Sodium Bicarbonate c) Aluminium Hydroxide d) Kaolin 4. Which non-metallic substance is used in drilling mud and cat litter? a) Kaolin b) Chalk c) Bentonite d) Talc 5. Which mineral is used in anti-dandruff shampoo? a) Selenium b) Zinc c) Iron d) Iodine

Answer 44

Here are the answers: ## MCQ Answers 1. a) Fluorine 2. b) Syphilis treatment 3. a) Petroleum 4. c) Bentonite 5. a) Selenium

Question 45

Here are 5 true or false questions: ## True or False 1. True or False: Iron is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. 2. True or False: Iodine is used to prevent anemia. 3. True or False: Fluorine is used as an antiseptic and to prevent dental caries. 4. True or False: Mercurial Salts are commonly used to treat syphilis. 5. True or False: Selenium is used in anti-dandruff shampoo.

Answer 45

Here are the answers: ## True or False Answers 1. False: Gold is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, not Iron. 2. False: Iron is used to prevent anemia, not Iodine. 3. True: Fluorine is used to prevent dental caries and has antiseptic properties. 4. True: Mercurial Salts have been used to treat syphilis. 5. True: Selenium is used in anti-dandruff shampoo.

Question 46

Here are 5 fill-in-the-blank questions: ## Fill in the Blank 1. _______________________ is used to treat anemia. 2. Iodine is used to prevent _______________________. 3. Fluorine is used as an _______________________ and to prevent dental caries. 4. _______________________ is used in anti-dandruff shampoo. 5. Radioactive Isotopes of Iodine, Phosphorus, and Gold are used for the diagnosis and treatment of _______________________.

Answer 46

Here are the answers: ## Fill-in-the-Blank Answers 1. Iron 2. goiter 3. antiseptic 4. Selenium 5. malignant conditions

Question 47

List the minerals source which r non metallic

Answer 47

## Non-Metallic Substances 1. *Kaolin* 2. *Chalk* 3. *Bentonite* 4. *Talc*

Question 48

List the mineral sources

Answer 48

## Minerals and Their Indications 1. *Iron*: Anemia 2. *Iodine*: Supplements to prevent goitre 3. *Fluorine*: Antiseptic, Anti-dental caries 4. *Zinc*: Supplement, eczema 5. *Selenium (Selenium Sulphide)*: Anti-dandruff shampoo 6. *Gold*: Rheumatoid arthritis 7. *Mercurial Salts*: Syphilis treatment (Note: No longer commonly used due to toxicity 8. *Petroleum*: Liquid paraffin 9. *Sodium Bicarbonate*: Antacid 10. *Aluminium Hydroxide*: Antacid 11. *Radioactive Isotopes of Iodine, Phosphorus, Gold*: Diagnosis and treatment of malignant conditions

Question 49

Here are 5 MCQs based on the text: ## MCQs 1. What type of drugs are formed when the chemical structure is altered without any change to the nucleus? a) Synthetic drugs b) Semi-synthetic drugs c) Natural drugs d) Organic drugs 2. Which of the following is an example of a semi-synthetic drug? a) Aspirin b) Amoxicillin c) Chloroquine d) Phenytoin 3. What is altered in the process of making synthetic drugs? a) Only the chemical structure b) Only the nucleus c) Both the chemical structure and the nucleus d) Neither the chemical structure nor the nucleus 4. Which of the following is an example of a synthetic drug? a) Diacetyl morphine (Heroin) b) Ethinyl estradiol c) Paracetamol d) Apomorphine 5. What type of drugs include oral hypoglycemic agents, antihistamines, and amphetamines? a) Semi-synthetic drugs b) Synthetic drugs c) Natural drugs d) Organic drugs

Answer 49

Here are the answers: ## MCQ Answers 1. b) Semi-synthetic drugs 2. b) Amoxicillin 3. c) Both the chemical structure and the nucleus 4. c) Paracetamol 5. b) Synthetic drugs

Question 50

Here are 5 more MCQs: ## MCQs 1. Which semi-synthetic drug is also known as Heroin? a) Apomorphine b) Diacetyl morphine c) Ethinyl estradiol d) Homatropine 2. What is the primary characteristic of semi-synthetic drugs? a) Altered chemical structure and nucleus b) Altered chemical structure, but unchanged nucleus c) Unchanged chemical structure and nucleus d) Natural occurrence 3. Which of the following synthetic drugs is used to treat malaria? a) Chloroquine b) Phenytoin c) Chlorpromazine d) Aspirin 4. What is an example of a semi-synthetic antibiotic? a) Amoxicillin b) Chloroquine c) Phenytoin d) Aspirin 5. Which of the following is a category of synthetic drugs? a) Oral hypoglycemic agents b) Antihistamines c) General and local anesthetics d) All of the above

Answer 50

Here are the answers: ## MCQ Answers 1. b) Diacetyl morphine 2. b) Altered chemical structure, but unchanged nucleus 3. a) Chloroquine 4. a) Amoxicillin 5. d) All of the above

Question 51

Here are 5 more MCQs: ## MCQs 1. Which of the following is NOT an example of a synthetic drug? a) Aspirin b) Paracetamol c) Amoxicillin d) Diacetyl morphine 2. What is the main difference between semi-synthetic and synthetic drugs? a) Source of origin b) Method of production c) Alteration of chemical structure and nucleus d) Therapeutic use 3. Which synthetic drug is used to treat epilepsy? a) Phenytoin b) Chlorpromazine c) Aspirin d) Paracetamol 4. Which of the following is an example of a semi-synthetic hormone? a) Ethinyl estradiol b) Methyl testosterone c) Both a and b d) Neither a nor b 5. Which category of synthetic drugs includes Chlorpromazine? a) Antihistamines b) Anti-anxiety drugs c) Antipsychotic drugs d) Anti-inflammatory drugs

Answer 51

Here are the answers: ## MCQ Answers 1. d) Diacetyl morphine (It's semi-synthetic) 2. c) Alteration of chemical structure and nucleus 3. a) Phenytoin 4. c) Both a and b 5. c) Antipsychotic drugs

Question 52

Here are 5 fill-in-the-blank questions: ## Fill in the Blank 1. Semi-synthetic drugs are formed when the _______________________ is altered without any change to the nucleus. 2. Diacetyl morphine, also known as _______________________, is an example of a semi-synthetic drug. 3. Synthetic drugs are made when both the chemical structure and ________ are altered

Answer 52

Here are the answers: ## Fill-in-the-Blank Answers 1. chemical structure 2. Heroin 3. nucleus

Question 53

Here are 5 true or false questions: ## True or False 1. True or False: Semi-synthetic drugs are made from entirely natural sources. 2. True or False: Synthetic drugs are formed when only the chemical structure is altered. 3. True or False: Amoxicillin is an example of a synthetic antibiotic. 4. True or False: Phenytoin is a semi-synthetic drug used to treat epilepsy. 5. True or False: Synthetic drugs are always more effective than semi-synthetic drugs.

Answer 53

Here are the answers: ## True or False Answers 1. False: Semi-synthetic drugs are made from natural sources that have undergone chemical modifications. 2. False: Synthetic drugs are formed when both the chemical structure and the nucleus are altered. 3. False: Amoxicillin is an example of a semi-synthetic antibiotic. 4. False: Phenytoin is a synthetic drug used to treat epilepsy. 5. False: The effectiveness of a drug depends on various factors and is not determined solely by whether it is synthetic or semi-synthetic.

Question 54

Definition of synthetic drugs and example

Answer 54

## Synthetic Drugs ### Definition of Synthetic Drugs Synthetic drugs are made when both the chemical structure and the nucleus are altered. ### Examples of Synthetic Drugs - Aspirin - Paracetamol - Oral hypoglycemic agents - Antihistamines - Amphetamines - Chloroquine - General and local anesthetics - Phenytoin - Chlorpromazine - Sulphonamides - Thiazide diuretics

Question 55

Definition of semi synthetic and example

Answer 55

### Definition of Semi-Synthetic Drugs Semi-synthetic drugs are formed when the chemical structure is altered without any change to the nucleus. ### Examples of Semi-Synthetic Drugs - Apomorphine - Diacetyl morphine (Heroin) - Ethinyl estradiol - Homatropine - Amoxicillin - Methyl testosterone - Bromoscopolamine