South Africa Flashcards
(152 cards)
1
Q
How many countries on the African continent produce wine?
A
8
2
Q
Which country is the leading producer of wine in Africa?
A
South Africa
3
Q
What is the geographical range of most of Africa’s wine regions?
A
Between 32-35° south of the equator
4
Q
What trend has been observed in the number of vines in South Africa?
A
More vines are being pulled up than planted
5
Q
What is the heart of South African viticulture?
A
Western Cape
6
Q
What type of climate is found on the coastal regions of South Africa?
A
Maritime climate
7
Q
What current influences the coastal vineyards of South Africa?
A
Benguela Current
8
Q
What effect does the Cape Doctor wind have on vineyards?
A
Lowers disease pressure (rot, mildew)
wards off pests
moderates temperature
9
Q
What is the purpose of the Old Vines Project (OVP) in South Africa?
A
To find, protect, and certify the country’s oldest vineyards
10
Q
What geological feature significantly influences South African vineyards?
A
Mountains, including the
11
Q
What is the primary soil type found in South Africa’s vineyards?
A
Granite, Table Mountain sandstone, or shale
12
Q
What is Méthode Cap Classique (MCC)?
A
Traditional method sparkling wines from South Africa
13
Q
What classic grape varietals are typically used in MCC?
A
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
14
Q
What percentage of grapes in South Africa were white as of 1993?
A
80%
15
Q
Which grape is known as South Africa’s star white grape?
A
Chenin Blanc
16
Q
What is the local name for Chenin Blanc in South Africa?
A
Steen
17
Q
What characteristics define premium Chenin Blanc wines from South Africa?
A
Concentrated, Complex, Pithy character, Remarkable ability to age
18
Q
What are the two styles of Sauvignon Blanc produced in South Africa?
A
Dramatically green, herbal, and tropical
Sagelike, tangy, minerally
19
Q
What is the most prestigious/dominant red grape in South Africa?
A
Cabernet Sauvignon
20
Q
What grape variety is a cross between Pinot Noir and Cinsault?
A
Pinotage
21
Q
What is the Wine of Origin (WO) system?
A
A certification system for South African wines
22
Q
To be labeled with a variety/cultivar, what must be true about the wine?
A
85% of the wine must be the stated grape
23
Q
To be labeled with a vintage, what must be true about the wine?
A
85% of the wine bust be produced with grapes grown in the stated vintage
24
Q
To be labeled with a stated area, what must be true about the wine?
A
100% of the grapes must be grown in the stated area
25
Which region is known as the center for innovation in South Africa's wine industry?
Swartland
26
What is the dominant variety of grape grown in Constantia?
Sauvignon Blanc
27
What is a notable historical wine from Constantia known throughout Europe?
Sweet, muscat-based wine named 'Constantia'
28
What is the significance of Stellenbosch in South Africa's wine industry?
It is the heart of South Africa’s wine industry
| It is the most prominent winemaking region
29
What are the primary grapes planted in Stellenbosch?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Sauvignon Blanc
Shiraz
Merlot
Chenin Blanc
30
What type of climate does the Paarl district experience?
Mediterranean climate characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters
31
What is the primary soil type in the Paarl district?
Granitic soils
32
What are the dominant cultivars planted in Paarl?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Shiraz
Pinotage
Chenin Blanc
Chardonnay
## Footnote
It is one of the most widely planted districts in South Africa.
33
What type of soils does Paarl primarily have?
Granitic soils with more clay at lower elevations and more sand and rock higher up
34
Which district achieved separate status from Paarl in 2010?
Franschhoek Valley
35
What climatic benefit do the breezes from the Indian and Atlantic Oceans provide for the Cape South Coast Region?
They create a perfect area for growing cool-climate grapes and make it too cold for cheap bulk wine production
36
What varieties are showing good results in Elgin's cooler maritime climate?
Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Noir, and Riesling
37
What type of climate does Elgin have due to its altitude?
One of the coolest wine regions in South Africa
38
What soil types are primarily found in Elgin?
Decomposed sandstone and shale
39
What is the most successful grape variety in Elgin?
Chardonnay
40
What is the most famous and developed district of the Cape South Coast?
Walker Bay
41
What type of wines are the Hemel-en-Aarde wards modeled after?
Burgundy or the Willamette Valley
42
What is Cape Agulhas known for in terms of white wine production?
Quality Sauvignon Blanc with noticeable green or grassy tones
43
What type of climate characterizes the Overberg region?
Cool, maritime climate
Significantly influenced by its proximity to Walker Bay
44
What is the Klein Karoo region primarily known for?
Production of bulk, sweet wine
45
What are the most promising grape varieties in the Klein Karoo region?
Muscat
Tinta Barroca
46
Which are the predominant grape varieties grown in the Olifants River region?
Chenin Blanc
Colombard
Shiraz
47
What style/type of wine is the Breede River Valley known for?
Production of bulk wine
## Footnote
The Breede River valley is responsible for a significant proportion of South Africa’s annual production
48
What percentage of South Africa’s wine production did the Breede River Valley account for in 2018?
34.29%
49
In what year did Jan van Riebeeck request vine cuttings from France?
1652
50
What did the Edict of Nantes grant?
Religious tolerance to French Protestants
51
What major political change occurred in South Africa in 1814?
The Cape colony was officially ceded to Britain
52
What impact did the British have on vineyard development in 1813?
They lowered import tariffs on South African wine, encouraging planting and wine production.
53
What was the effect of the abolition of slavery in 1834 on the South African wine industry?
It crippled the industry for decades
54
What happened in South Africa's wine industry in the 1860s?
The British abolished preferential tariffs, renewing competition with French wines
## Footnote
South african wines couldn't compete with the much more refined french wines, and the South African export market suffered deeply
55
What crisis did the South African wine industry face in 1886?
Phylloxera arrived, decimating vineyards
56
What was established in 1918 to support the South African wine industry?
KWV (Koöperatieve Vereniging van Zuid Africa)
57
What did the KWV establish for the wine industry?
Minimum grape prices
Areas of production
Production limits
58
What was a significant issue with the KWV during apartheid?
It favored large producers and rewarded lower quality wines
59
When was South Africa's Wine of Origin scheme introduced?
1973
60
What did the Cape Winemakers Guild establish in 1982?
A focus on quality and premium regions
61
What was the impact of apartheid on South Africa's wine industry in the 1960s?
International sanctions began, making it difficult to export wine
62
What year did Platter’s South African wine guide debut?
1980
63
What happened to the South African wine industry in the 1990s?
The end of apartheid led to increased wine sales and exports
64
What was established in 2002 to help preserve old vines?
Old vine registry
65
When was the Old Vine Registry created?
2002
66
What organization was formed to ensure ethical labor conditions in the wine industry?
Wine and Agriculture Ethical Trade Association
67
What significant challenge did South African wine producers face during COVID-19?
A ban on alcohol sales
68
What has been a recent trend in South African wine production?
Modernization and a focus on quality over quantity
69
What is an emerging and ongoing trend in the South African wine industry?
A focus on better plant material, broader range of grape varieties
## Footnote
Te result of which is bringing new and historic wine regions to prominence.
70
Which wine regions are highlighted in the emerging fine wine industry of South Africa?
* Elgin
* Hemel-en-aarde
* Swartland
71
Who is Graham Beck?
A coal mining magnate who founded Graham Beck winery in 1983
## Footnote
He is known for producing Cap Classique.
72
What is Cap Classique?
A traditional method sparkling wine produced in South Africa, similar to Champagne.
73
What are the top wines produced by Graham Beck and their inaugural vintages?
* Blanc de Blancs Cap Classique: 1991
* Cuvée Clive Cap Classique: 2003
* Ultra Brut Zero Cap Classique: N/A
* Vintage Rosé Cap Classique: N/A
74
When was Mulderbosch established?
1989
75
What innovative practices does Mulderbosch employ?
Precision farming, artificial intelligence, and low-intervention approaches.
76
Who founded Hamilton Russell Vineyards?
Tim Hamilton Russell in 1975.
77
What was unique about the planting of vines at Hamilton Russell Vineyards?
Planted Pinot Noir and smuggled Chardonnay cuttings into a region not considered quality for viticulture.
78
What are the top wines produced by Hamilton Russell and their inaugural vintages?
* Hamilton Russell Vineyards Chardonnay: 1983
* Hamilton Russell Vineyards Pinot Noir: 1981
* Ashbourne Pinotage: 2001
79
What is the historical significance of Klein Constantia?
Established in 1685, it was the first major wine farm in South Africa.
80
What are the top wines produced by Klein Constantia and their inaugural vintages?
* Metis Sauvignon Blanc: 2013
* Perdeblokke Sauvignon Blanc: 2005
* Estate Red: 2011
* Vin de Constance: 1986
81
What is the focus of A. A. Badenhorst winery?
Highlighting the quality of wines produced in the Swartland region.
82
What are the top wines produced by A. A. Badenhorst and their inaugural vintages?
* White Blend: 2007
* Dassiekop Steen: 2015
* The Golden Slopes Chenin Blanc: 2016
* Red Blend: 2006
83
What is unique about Eben Sadie's winemaking approach?
Focuses on old, unirrigated bush vines and spontaneous fermentation.
84
What are the top wines produced by Eben Sadie and their inaugural vintages?
* Palladius: 2002
* Kirsten: 2006
* Skurfberg: 2009
* Columella: 2000
85
What does South African cuisine often reflect?
Culinary elements from indigenous African communities, colonial settlers, Malay slaves, and Indian immigrants.
86
What are the signature flavors commonly used in South African cuisine?
* Curry
* Coriander
* Cinnamon
* Peri-peri
87
What wine pairings are suggested for spicy South African dishes?
* Sparkling wines
* Aromatic whites
* Medium and full-bodied reds
88
Fill in the blank: South African food is often called the '_______ Cuisine'.
Rainbow
89
What type of wines enhance smoky, grilled flavors in meat-centric South African dishes?
Robust red wines like Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, or South African Pinotage.
90
True or False: South African cuisine is influenced solely by indigenous African traditions.
False
91
Who established the first vines in South Africa
Jan van Riebeeck of the Dutch East India Company
92
When were the first vines planted in south africa?
1655 in Cape Town
93
What was the name of the wine estate that created Vin de Constance?
Constantia
94
Who was the original owner of the Constantia estate?
Governor Simon van der stel
95
This notorious strong, southeasterly wine blows across the Western Cape throughout the spring and summer
The Cape Doctor
96
What malevolent effect can the cape doctor have in the vineyard?
It can ferociously batter vines, damaging vines and disrupting fruit set
97
South Africa is ranked _____ among the wine producing countries worldwide
9th
98
What is the name of the South African appellation system?
WO - Wines of Origen
99
When was the Wine of Origen System founded?
1973
100
What is the purpose of the Wine of Origen System?
Ensuring that wine shows the correct organoleptic qualities for it's cultivar and age.
Producers must submit a sample of their wine for evaluation by a tasting panel
101
What is a cultivar?
South African for 'variety'
102
What percentage of the grape must come from that region in order for it to show on the label?
85%
103
What are the 4 production areas for the Wine of Origen system
GU - Geographical Unit
Region
District
Ward
104
In the Wine of Origen System, how can a wine be labeled as a single vineyard?
* the vineyard size must be less than 6 hectares
* It must be appropriately registered
* 100% of the grapes must be sourced from that vineyard
105
True or False: The Wine of Origen system in South Africa places a seal on their wine bottles
True - all bottles must bass a certification process and have a WO seal on it
106
What are the 6 wine regions in South Africa
Coastal Region
Cape South Coast
Breede River Valley
Klien Karoo
Olifants River
Boberg
107
In what geographic region is the majority of South African wines produced?
Western Cape
108
What is the climate of the more inland regions of the Western Cape Geographical unit?
Mediterranean climate
109
What is the Benguela Current
A cold ocean current that flows north from Antartica, bringing cool, wet breezes to the coastal regions of the western cape
110
What is the southern most district of the Western Cape?
Cape Agulhas
111
What district produces the coolest climate in the Western Cape?
Cape Agulhas
112
Where is most of the bulk wine in South Africa created?
The northern cape along the Orange river
113
114
What is the dominant type of grape grown in South Africa?
White
115
What grape is known as steen locally?
116
What is the dominant white grape grown in South Africa?
Chenin Blanc
117
Pinotage is a cross of which two grapes?
Cinsault X Pinot Noir
118
Where is Constantia?
The Cape Town district in the Coastal Region
119
Where is the Stellenbosch district located?
Coastal Region
120
What is Vin de Constance?
A sweet dessert wine made in Constantia
## Footnote
Made from small-berried msucat Blanc à petis grain grapes picked late enough to have high sugar content
121
What are other names for Muscat Blanc à petis grains?
Muscat de Grontignan
Muscadel
122
When did phylloxera arrive in South Africa?
1886
123
What is the Ko-operative Wijnbouwers Verenigning van Zuid-Afrika (KWV)?
A cooperative of wine producers and growers
## Footnote
Formed in 1918
124
When was the KWV formed?
1918
125
When was the KWV dismantled?
1992
126
What were the main mandates of the KWV
* Fix minimum grape prices
* Determine areas of production
* Establish production limits
* Formalize the 1924 Wine and Spirits Control Act
127
What is the South African Wine Industry Trust (SAWIT)?
An organization established to speed transformation of South African wine and empower black workers.
128
What is the wine of Origin system requirements for a blend?
Minimum of each grape is 20% for it to be listed on the label
129
What are the requirements for a wine to be labeled 'Single vineyard'?
* The wine must be vinified and bottled on a single property
* It must be produced from contiguous parcels of vineyard land
130
What are the most prominent White grapes grown in South Africa?
* Chenin Blanc
* Sauvignon Blanc
* Colombard
* Hanepoot (Muscat of Alexandria)
131
Who is credited with the development of Pinotage in 1925
Professor Abraham Perold
132
What are the subdivided districts of the Coastal Region in South Africa included in the Certified CMS syllabus?
* Stellenbosch
* Cape Town
* Paarl
* Swartland
133
What is the northernmost district in the Coastal region?
Swartland
134
What bay separates the district of Cape Peninsula and Stellenbosch?
False Bay
135
Which region is highlighted below?
Western cape, South Africa
136
What wine district is outlined below?
Olifants River, part of the Coastal Region of South Africa
137
What district is outlined below?
Swartland District, part of the Coastal wine region of South Africa
138
What wine District is outlined in the picture below?
Stellenbosch District, Coastal Region South Africa
138
What small wine ward is pictured below
Costantia Ward, Part of the Cape Town district, part of the Coastal region in South Africa
139
What wine District is outlined below
Cape town District in the Coastal Region of South Africa
140
# What wine district is outlined below?
Paarl District, in the Coastal Region of South Africa.
141
What Wine region is outlined in the picture below?
Cape South Coast region in the Western Cape Geographical unit in South Africa
142
What wine region is outlined in the map below?
Olifants river, part of the Western Cap Geographic Unit
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What wine district is outlined in the map below?
Elgin District, Part of the Cape South Coast region in the Western Cape geographical unit
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