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South Africa and Cold War Flashcards

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0
Q

Reasons for Cold War

A

Opposing ideologies
Mutual distrust
Military build up
Rivalry

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1
Q

Cold War

A

1945-1991

Political war without direct fighting between two major powers

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2
Q

Yalta and Potsdam

A

Allied conferences in 1945

Agreed on free elections and can only represent in own government

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3
Q

The Nuremberg Trails

A

War crimes against humanity (NAZI)
177 tried
Led by Robert Jackson
Found Nazi record keepings

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4
Q

Japan Reforms

A

Occupied by US

First feeds starving, new constitution, Hirohito denounces divinity, land reforms

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5
Q

Japan Improvement

A

Economical boost from Korean War

Use high tariffs, homogenous in culture

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6
Q

Japanese Government

A

Democracy, women given right to vote, rid military of power, no more secret police

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7
Q

UN

A

Created to keep peace

Security Council- 5 permanent members (US, USSR, China, France, and Britain) other 10 rotate in

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8
Q

Division of Germany

A

British- North
France- West
US- South
German- East

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9
Q

Division of Berlin

A

French,British, US - West

Soviets- East

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10
Q

Berlin Blockade

A

Stalin blocks all surface routes to West Berlin

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11
Q

Berlin Airlift

A

Allies airlift supplies to isolated area, Stalin lifts blockade

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12
Q

Marshall Plan

A

Counter Soviet Expansion
Aid western Europe’s economy by giving money and supplies
Offered to satellites

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13
Q

Yugoslavia aid

A

US sends money to Tito

Escape communism

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14
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

US will defend any country threatened by communism
Helps Greece and Turkey ($400 million)
Ends isolation

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15
Q

Iron Curtain

A

Churchill warns others about communists

Iron curtain referring to states under Soviet power

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16
Q

Satellite

A

Countries under indirect Soviet power and influence

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17
Q

NATO

A

North American Treaty Organization
US, Canada, 9 others
Anti communists

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18
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

Soviets and satellites

Used to control satellites

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19
Q

Domino theory

A

If one country falls to communism, the surrounding countries will too

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20
Q

Containment

A

Limit communism to areas already under Soviet control and it will eventually die out
Derived from Keenan

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21
Q

Krushchev

A

More economic than militaristic
Built Berlin Wall
Peaceful coexistence
Goulash communism

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22
Q

Korea division

A

38th parallel

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23
Q

Start of Korean War

A

Kim Il Sung, leader of North, goes to Moscow to ask Stalin to invade
Surprise invades South

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24
Soviets during Korean War
Not in security council | On North Korea's side
25
US in Korean War
Majority of troops and supplies from US
26
Inchon
MacArthur sends troops through Inchon to recapture Seoul
27
Yalu River
River on Chinese and North Korean border | UN soldiers ordered not to cross
28
China in Korean War
Send 1/2 million troops to fight for the North
29
Truman vs MacArthur
MacArthur wants to nuke China but Truman refuses Truman sends in Air force 2 million civilians die
30
Korean War
1950-1953 | The forgotten war
31
End of Korean War
Armistice | Korea still has POW
32
Pusan
South retreats here
33
HUAC
House of Un-American Activities committee Led by McCarthy Went after mail, teachers, and hollywood
34
Alger Hiss
American lawyer accused of being a Soviet spy
35
Eisenhower policies
Containment not enough | More nuclear power
36
Rosenburgs
Ethel and Julius Accused of being spies Sentenced to death on televised trail
37
Goulash communism
Mixture of command and market economy to raise living standard
38
Kitchen debates
Khrushchev and Nixon
39
McCarthy
Led red scare | Accused Truman and Marshall
40
U-2 incident
US caught spying on Cuba with planes | US takes pictures of missiles
41
ich bin ein Berliner (jelly donut)
"I am a Berliner" | Speech by Kennedy saying that we could work with the Soviets
42
Cuban American agreement
Cuba removes missiles | US removes Turkish missiles and won't invade
43
Hot line and test ban
Limited nuclear allowance
44
Vietnam War
Phase one- (1946-1954) France loses | Phase two- (1959-1975) US loses
45
Geneva Accords
Peace treaty for phase one Splits Vietnam on 17th parallel Ho Chi Minh gets North US gives Ngo Din Diem South
46
Ngo Din Diem
Hated | US trains people to assassinate him
47
Immolation
Buddhist monks set themselves on fire in protest
48
Lech Walesa
Leads Solidarity movement | Becomes first president in free election in Poland
49
Revolt on Gorbachev
Hard liners didn't want to loose power, capture Gorbachev | Boris Yeltsin convinces them not to kill Gorbachev
50
Glasnost and perestroika | Under Gorbachev
"Openness and reconstruction" Freedom of speech and no censorship Changing economy into a mixed one
51
Viet Cong
Southern Vietnamese who want to be part of North
52
Ho Chi Minh Trail
Runs through Laos and Cambodia | North gives info to Viet Cong
53
US bombing on Vietnam
Nixon decides to bomb Vietnam with agents instead of nuclear weapons
54
Orange Agent
Burns foliage | Causes cancer
55
Napoln
Burning agent that burns human flesh
56
War difficulties
Hot, dense forestry
57
Drafting and protest
College students not drafted Poor go to war Hippies, women, and Latinos protest peacefully
58
TV impact on Vietnam War
Causes Americans to hate own army for being cruel
59
Tet holiday
North and South promise not to fight | North invades anyway and attacks Saigon with bombs
60
France loss of Vietnam
France settle in Dien Bien Phu (basin) and are bombed from above
61
Vietnamization
Gradual withdrawal because citizens realize war isn't going well Use helicopters to get troops out of Saigon which is about to be attacked
62
End of Vietnam war
1975 | Falls to communism
63
Gulf of Tonkin resolution
Johnson and other presidents to follow have complete control over the future of the war
64
Gulf of Tonkin
US ships land and are "bombed" by Northern ships
65
Kent State
28 National Guards shoot at antiwar protest done by students
66
Détente
"Thawing out" of the Cold War-Nixon | Ending of tensions
67
Boers
Dutch descent | Farmers in South Africa
68
Afrikaner
Mixed Boer and French descent | English domination in South Africa
69
Apartheid
"Seperateness" | Whites feel threatened by Africans
70
Passbooks
Blacks must carry passbooks to leave houses
71
Townships
Formed by race
72
Homelands
Blacks confined to homelands ruled by chiefs under white influence
73
NP
National Party led by Afrikaners | In charge of government
74
ANC
African National Congress Supports Blacks Eventually gains power Led by Nelson Mandela
75
Buthelezi
Message of self help and black nationalism
76
Inkatha
Zulu movement led by Zulu king, wanted segregation in workforce
77
Bus boycotts
White bus companies put Black companies out of business | Blacks walk to work
78
Beer
Brewed by women, made best bread
79
Freedom Charter
Written by Mandela and Tambo | Seen as treason
80
City conditions
Living spaces too small Rise in death and disease rates More violence No clean water or electricity
81
Gold mining
Thousands die trying to mine
82
deKlerk
``` President Against apartheid Releases Mandela Writes new constitution Holds free election ```
83
Education
Students taught to be prejudice Forced to learn English language and culture Segregation No college for Blacks
84
Sharpeville Massacre
Rival group to ANC Police fire on unarmed demonstrators Kill 69 ANC protest
85
Necklacing
Put gasoline filled tire around victims neck and light it on fire
86
Truth and Reconciliation Commision
People asked to confess past violence | No punishment
87
AIDs
1/4 HIV positive, many deny Spreads to US Old men have sex with virgins No condoms
88
Botha
Suppression of opponents Reform to win over Blacks-fail Defended against communism Attacked ANC bases
89
Biko
Founded the Black Consciousness Movement
90
African Laws
No mixed marriages White reps only Blacks have 3 days to stay in city and find job or leave Must carry papers at all times
91
Modern violence
Highest rates of rape and murder | Uneducated youth, unemployed
92
Cuban Missile Crisis
October 14-28

World History (3 decks)

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