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South America Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

What does Latin America refer to?

A

All of the Spanish and Portuguese speaking nations south of the United States ; not accurate!

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2
Q

What are the features of the Highlands/Plateus

A

Andes, Brazilian Highlands, Guiana Highlands, and Plateu

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of the Andes?

A

Occupies western margins from Venezuela to Southern Chile ; It is an extension of the Rockies

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4
Q

Where are the Brazilian Highlands?

A

The southeastern part of the Amazon Basin

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5
Q

Where are the Guiana Highlands?

A

Northern section across Venezuela and the three Guianas

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6
Q

Where is the Plateu?

A

Patagonian Plateau that occupies the southern third of Argentina

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7
Q

What are the drainage basins?

A

Amazon, Orinoco, and Parana-Paraguay

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8
Q

Where is the Amazon Basin?

A

Occupies the central north region ; the area is drained by the Amazon river and its tributaries

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9
Q

Where is the Orinoco Basin?

A

Lies north of Venezuela and Colombia

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10
Q

Where is the Parana-Paraguay basin?

A

Between the two major rivers of the Parana (Argentina) and Paraguay and their tributaries

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11
Q

What were the political empires that existed here?

A

Maya and Inca

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12
Q

Where did the Maya and Incas live?

A

High-altitude valleys called Altiplanos

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13
Q

Why did they live on the Altiplanos?

A

Fertile soils, reliable water, natural protection, and abundant building materials

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14
Q

Which countries are in the old Inca Empire?

A

Bolivia, Chile, and Peru

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15
Q

What were the skills of the Incan empire?

A

Builders, physicians, farmers/herders, great administrators, military strategists, and highly centralized authority

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15
Q

What did the Incan Empire look like after the Spanish Invasion?

A

Centralized political system was easier to defeat, population decimated, robbed best lands, and denied the right to cultivate traditional crops

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16
Q

What are the ethnic landscapres of South America?

A

African, Mestizos, European, and Amerindian

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17
Q

Where is the African Ancestry?

A

Caribbean and Brazilian coast

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18
Q

Where are the Mestizos?

A

Brazil, Central&Northern half, and Northern Chile

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19
Q

Where is the European Ancestry?

A

Argentina, Paraguay, and Middle Chile

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20
Q

Where is the Amerindian Ancestry?

A

Amazon rainforest of Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and the southern portion of Chile

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21
Q

What are the regions?

A

Caribbean North, Andean West, Southern Cone, and Brazil

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22
Q

Which countries are in the Caribbean North?

A

Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and Guiana

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23
Q

What are the general characteristics of the Caribbean North?

A

Share the Caribbean Coast and tropical plantations & are all on the north side of the equator

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24
What are Colombia's coastal characteristics?
2000 miles of coastline on both the Pacific and Caribbean coasts
25
What are Colombia's population characteristics?
Densities higher in the western and northern regions. the interior to the east is the least populated
26
What are the effects of Cocaine on Colombia?
Replaced coffee, infiltration of drug cartels, violence is rampant, and private armies have formed
27
What are Colombia's natural resources?
Banana, Coffee, Gold, and Platinum
28
When did Venezuela gain independence? Where is the Capital?
1811 ; Caracas
29
Where are Venezuela's oil and gas reserves?
Around Lake Maracaibo
30
What is the impact of Oil Politics in Venezuela
They fight for jurisdictions in Guyan, fights with Columbia over Maritime boundaris, and socialist policies have backfired
31
When did the Economic Crisis in Venezuela happen?
When president Nicolas Maduros took over from Chavez in 2013, causing hyperinflation, starvation, diseases, crime, and 5 million in emigration
32
What was the cause of the 2013 Venezuelan economic crisis?
Low oil prices, drop in oil production, socialist policies backfired, and us sanctions on oil sector
33
What are the common characteristics of the "three guianas"
Small countries forming the eastern flank of the region, populations below 1 million, and not "latin" ; Mostly African and Asian workers who were brought in to work on plantations
34
What are the 3 guianas?
Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana
35
When did Guyana gain independance?
May 26, 1966
36
What is the large cultural group of Guyana?
South Asians
37
What is the religious stratification of Guyana?
Christian 50% Hindus 25% Muslim 6.8%
38
What is a major economic factor of Guyana?
Off-shore oil reserves used by Exxonmobil
39
Who colonized Suriname? By who?
The dutch in 1975
40
What are the ethnicities in Suriname?
Indonesians, Chinese, and Africans
41
What are common languages in Suriname?
Official: dutch ; common: Sranan Tongo
42
What are Suriname's economic contributors?
Rice and Bauxite
43
Where is the French Guiana?
Easternmost outpost of the Caribbean North
44
What is the capital of French Guiana?
Cayenne
45
What are the economic contributors for the French Guiana?
Fish and Gold; European Space Agency accounts for hald of the economic activities
46
Which countries are part of the Andean West region?
Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Paraguay
47
What are the regional characteristics of the Andean West?
Amerindian dominance and generally South America's poorest countries
48
What is the smallest country in the Andean West? What is its capital?
Ecuador ; Quito*****
49
What are Ecuador's exports?
Banana, Seafood, oil
50
Who did Ecuador grant asylum to? When?
Julian Assange in 2012
51
What are the subregions of Peru?
Desert Coast, Andean, and Eastern Slope
52
What are the characteristics of the Desert Coast in Peru?
Europeans & Mestizos, most productive, and irrigated agriculture/fishing
53
What are the characteristics of the Andean subregion of Peru?
Mostly Amerindians(high altitude), significant mineral wealth: gold, lead, zinc
54
What are the charcateristics of the Eastern Slope in Peru?
Inland facing slopes, isolated, and has oil&natural gas
55
Bolivia and Paraguray are unique because...
They are the only land locked countries
56
What are the five countries that border Bolivia?
Brazil, Paraguay, Argentin, Chile, and Peru
57
What is the important border feature with Peru? Why?
Lake Titicaca (12,500 ft above sea level) ; supports potato and grain cultivation
58
Which country has a stark cultural split?
Bolivia ; hlad Amerindian in upland west and Mestizos in the low-lying east
59
Where is the government of Bolivia?
La Paz
60
Who was the Amerindian President elected in 2005? Which Country?
Evo Morales ' Bolivia
61
What does Bolivia's mineral wealth look like?
Natural gas and oil exports, lithium reserves (21 million metric tons) to 1/2 of the World's lithium
62
What does Paraguay serve as geographically?
The transitional bridge between the Andean West, Southern Cone, and Brazil
63
Where have more than 300,000 settled?
The eastern periphery of Paraguay
64
What does Paraguay's culture look like?
not spacially entrenched, indigenous ancestry dominates, population is only 6.7 million
65
What are the languages of Paraguay?
Spanish and Amerindian with Guarani being used as the language of instruction sine 1996
66
What does poverty look like in Paraguay?
2/3 of the population; 1% owns 75% of the land, and in 2008 the Guarani preist was elected as President (Fernando Lugo)
67
What are Paraguay's exports?
Soy beans, livestock, and HEP
68
Which countries are part of the Southern Cone?
Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay
69
What is the largest country in the southern cone?
Argentina
70
Where is Argentina's population concentrated? How much?
Citites at 91%
71
WHat is Argentina's cultural imprint?
Spanish!
72
What is Argentina's primate city?
Buenos Aires 1/3 of the entire population
73
What was Buenos Aires built upon?
The grain and beef industry
74
Where is the world's largest Opera House? what's its name?
Bueno Aires ; Teatro Colon
75
What are Argentina's exports?
Beef and grains (production occurs on the pampa grassland)
76
What is Argentina's relationship with the Falkland Islands?
Argentinian forces invaded in April 1982, but the British took it back
77
What happened with the Falkland Islands?
5 countries have laid claim. claim under British control in 1833, and British Special Forces drove the out and took 11000 prisoners of war... Islanders became British citizens thereafter
78
Where is Chile?
A strip of land lying almost 2500 miles between crestline of Andes and Pacific coast
79
What are the 3 subregions of Chile?
Atacama desert, Middle Chile, and the Southern Coast
80
What are the characteristics of the Atacama Desert region in Chile?
1/3 of the country extending down from the border with Peru. Hot summers but COLD winters, cold desert, so little rain
81
What are the economic aspects of the Atacama Desert region of Chile?
Mineral wealth in nitrates and copper. It has the world's largest open pit copper mine
82
What are the characteristics of the Middle Chile region of Chile?
Most fertile lands, 90% of the country's population, capital city and chief seaport
83
What is the chief seaport in Middle Chile?
Valparaiso
84
What are the characteristics of the Southern Coast region of Chile?
Fjords and tiny islands, mountainous, colder climate like Canadian Sheild, Amerindians
85
Uruguay is the biffer state between which two countries?
Spanish Argentina and Portuguese Brazil
86
What is interesting about Uruguay's population?
Over half o the 3.4 million population lives in the Capital city of Montevideo
87
What are Uruguay's major economic activities?
market gardening, sheep/cattle ranching, meat processing factories, and wool/textile manufactoring
88
What are Uruguay's exports?
Wool, beef, Cereal, textile, amd Tourism
89
What is unique abour Brazil?
Giant of South America and one of the 4 biggest emerging markerts (BRIC)
90
How many states are part of the federal republic of Brazil
26 states
91
Which industries does Brazil challenge the US in?
Agriculture and industrial products
92

Geography (4 decks)

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