South America Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
What is the Humboldt Current?
A
A current that begins in the icy waters near Anartica and flows up the coast of South America. When it hits Chile’s northern coastline it produces cloud but little or no precipitation making Atacama the driest on earth.
2
Q
True or False: Chile is the only country that has remained Phylloxera free
A
TRUE
3
Q
Which area of Chile experiences more rainfall, the north or south?
A
The south
4
Q
What is the most planted grape in Chile?
A
Cabernet Sauvignon
5
Q
Explain the 1991 Sauvignon Blanc Controversy of Chile
A
An expose in 1991, revealed that many plantings of Sauvignon Blanc in Chile were actually in fact Sauvignon Vert (Friulano)
6
Q
What was the most planted grape in Chile prior to Cabernet Sauvignon in 2008?
A
Pais
7
Q
What is the synonym for the Mission Grape in Chile?
A
Pais
8
Q
In order from North to South, list the D.Os of Chile
A
Atacama, Coquimbo, Aconcagua, Valle Central, Sur, Austral Region
9
Q
If a wine is listed as 2010 Cabernet Sauvignon, Valle Central in Chile, what % must be that variety, vintage, and denomination of origin?
A
75% Across the board.
10
Q
What is the minimum required alcohol for wines from Chile?
A
11.50%
11
Q
What does ‘reserva’ mean on a bottle of Chilean wine?
A
Alcohol indication. 12% minimum
12
Q
What does reserva privada mean on a bottle of Chilean wine?
A
Alcohol indication. 12.5% minimum
13
Q
Which classifications of Chilean wine requires time in oak?
A
Reserva Especial and Gran Reserva
14
Q
What is the minimum alcohol for a wine labeled as Gran Reserva?
A
12.50%
15
Q
What is the minimum alcohol for a wine labeled Reserva Especial?
A
12%
16
Q
What are the 3 geographic terms that were amended to Chilean wine law in 2012
A
Costa, Entre Cordilleras, Andes
17
Q
Which of the 3 geographic indications dominates plantings in Chile?
A
Andes. 3/4 of Chilean wine grown here
18
Q
What requirement changes when a wine is labeled as ‘Costa’?
A
Minimum percentage changes to 85%
19
Q
Where is the Huasco Valley?
A
Atacama
20
Q
Where is Copiapo?
A
Atacama
21
Q
What are the two sub regions of Atacama?
A
Copiapo and Huasco
22
Q
What are the sub regions of Coquimbo?
A
Elqui, Limari, Choapa
23
Q
Where is Elqui?
A
Coquimbo
24
Q
Where is Limari?
A
Coquimbo
25
Where is the Casablanca Valley?
Aconcagua
26
Where is the San Antonio Valley?
Aconcagua
27
What are the sub regions of Aconcagua?
Aconcagua Valley, Casablanca Valley, San Antonio Valley
28
What iconic Bordeaux style blend is produced in Aconcagua? Explain its relevance
Errazuriz's Sena. Placed ahead of Lafite and Margaux at 2004 Berlin tasting
29
What bordeaux style blend is an investment of the Mondavi's?
Errazuriz Sena
30
What region in Chile is considered Chile's first cool climate coastal region?
Casablanca Valley
31
Which subregions of Aconcagua is considered a 'Costa' region?
San Antonio and Casablanca
32
In order from North to South, list the subregions of the Central Valley
Maipo Valley, Rapel Valley, Curico Valley, Maule Valley
33
Who produces 'Purple Angel'? What is the cepage? Where is it sourced?
Vina Montes. It is mainly Carmenere. Colchagua.
34
Who is Chile's largest producer of wine
Concha y Toro
35
Where is Colchagua?
Rapel Valley
36
Where is Cachapoal?
Rapel Valley
37
What are the two subregion of Rapel Valley?
Cachapoal and Colchagaua
38
What is the name of the project Concha y Toro and Baron Philippe de Rothschild?
Almaviva
39
Who produces Vinedo Chadwick?
Errazuriz
40
Where is Clos Apalta produced?
Colchagua, Rapel Valley
41
Where is the Teno Valley?
Curico
42
What region has seen a large investment from Spanish producer Miguel Torres?
Curico
43
What are the subregions of the Sur?
Itata, Bio Bio, Malleco
44
Recommend a bottle of sparkling wine from Chile
Cordillera. By Miguel Torres. Brut 100% Pinot Noir. Traditional Method.
45
Recommend a bottle of sparkling rose from Chile
Santa Digna 'Estelado'. Miguel Torres. 100% Pais. Traditional method.
46
Recommend a bottling of Carmenere from Chile
Casa Lapostolle Cuvee Alexandre, Apalta Vineyard
47
Recommend a bottle of Sauvignon Blanc from Chile
Cordillera. produced in the Elqui Valley, Coquimbo
48
Recommend a bottle of syrah from Chile
Montes Syrah
49
Where is Panquehue? What is its significance?
Aconcagua. Home to Errazuriz one of Chile's most prominent estates
50
Where is the Teno Valley?
Curico
51
What are the sub region of Curico
The Teno Valley and Lontue Valley
52
Who is Francisco Pizarro?
He led the conquistadores in South America during their 16th century endeavor to conquer the Inca Empire. The Spanish along with Pizarro brought with them the grape varieties that we refer to as the criollas.
53
Who led the conquistadores on their conquering campaign through South America?
Francisco Pizarro
54
Who was Pedro de Valdivia?
A lieutenant in Francisco Pizarro's service who undertook the conquest of Chile speciifically. After being killed as he pressed south through modern day Chile, he left behind a legacy of large scale viticulture depsite constant battles with natives.
55
Who were the natives that inhabited Santiago when the conquistadores entered the country in the 16th century
Mapuche people
56
Who was Francisco de Carabentes
Jesuit friar who brought Pais to chile in 1548
57
Who brought Pais to Chile?
Francisco de Carabentes
58
Who was Claude Gay
French man who brought French varieties and grape cuttings into Chile in the 1830s.
59
Who was Silvestre Ochagavia?
Considered the father of Chilean wine, Ochagavia was a wealthy Chilean industrialist who founded Vina Ochagavia in 1851, Chile's first modern winery and the oldest still in operation today
60
What two men are considered the fathers of modern wine in Chile?
Claude Gay and Silvestre Ochagavia
61
What was the first modern winery in Chile?
Vina Ochagavia
62
What leader brought an end to the Chilean governments cap on wine production?
Augusto Pinochet
63
When did Miguel Torres arrive in Chile ? Why was this important?
1979. He brought new technologies like temperature controlled, stainless steel fermentation tanks, new barriques, and pneumatic presses to the country.
64
What is the name of Lafite's estate in Chile? Where is it?
Los Vascos. Colchagua.
65
Vina Aquitania is owned by who?
Brunot Pats (Former owner of Cos d'Estournel) and PaulPontallier (Margaux)
66
When did Robert Mondavi and Eduardo Chadwick begin Sena
1995
67
Who owns Almaviva?
Baron Phillipe de Rothschild
68
What estate does Baron Phillipe de Rothschild own?
Almaviva
69
What what Chilean Wine Law do in 1995?
Divided the country in different. the major regions and sub regions
70
What did the Chilean Wine Law add in 2012?
It amended the law to support the three new geographic terms of Costa, Entre Cordilleras, and Andes
71
What current affects Chilean vineyards?
The Humbold Current
72
What exactly does the Humbold Current do?
Generally, it is a cold water current that flows northward up the coast. The current cools the air passing over it, limiting precipitation and contrinbuting to an inversion layer near the earths surface. It moderatese the climate up and down the country's coastline keeping overall average temperatures milder than in the inland valleysand suppressing diurnal shifts. the combination of ocean current and wawrmth of the interior valley draws cool sea air inland through the river valleys.
73
What is the general geololgy of Chile?
Granite and schist on the coast. Alluvial soils inland.
74
What color grape is Pais?
red
75
True or False: Red grapes account for 75% of Chile's planted vines
TRUE
76
True or False: Malbec is the most planted grape in Chile
False. Cabernet Sauvignon
77
What is the most planted white grape in Chile?
Sauvignon Blanc
78
If the Atacama dessert is so dry, where does it source irrigation from?
The Huasco and Copiapo River Valleys
79
The EU recognizes who's geographic designation for Pisco?
Only Peru
80
Elqui Valley receives irrigation from where?
Puclaro Lake and snowmelt
81
What is the average rainfall in ElquiValley?
2.8 inches
82
What are teh subregions of Elqui Valley?
La Serena, Vicuna, Paiguano
83
Where are the highest elevations in Chile?
Elqui Valley. 6400 feet.
84
La Serena, Vicuna, and Paiguano are all located where?
Elqui Valley
85
Where do you see Terra Rossa soils in Chile?
Limari Valley
86
What is the Comanchaca Fog?
A fog that creeps into the limari valley from the west each morning and rereats as the sun rises over teh Andes, bathing the vines in pure light in the afternoon
87
The Comanchaca fog affects what region of Chile?
Limari Valley
88
Where is Quebrada Seca?
Ovalle. In Limari Valley
89
Where is Ovalle?
Limari Valley
90
What is Ovalle known for?
Chardonnay particularly in Quebrada Seca
91
Where are Salamanca and Illapel?
Choapa
92
Where is Illapel?
Choapa
93
Where is Salamanca?
Choapa
94
What are the subregions of Choapa?
Salamanca and Illapel
95
Who produces Don Maximiano?
Errazuriz
96
Where is Panquehue? Why is this area important?
Aconcagua Valley. Where Don Maximiano Errazuriz first planted his vines in Aconcagua Valley.
97
What are the soils of the coastal areas of Aconcagua?
schist and slate
98
Who owns Veramonte?
Huneeus family
99
Where is the Leyda Valley?
San Antonio Valley
100
Where is Lo Abarca?
Leyda Valley
101
Where are Lo Abarca, Rosario, and Malvilla?
Leyda Valley
102
Where is Casa Marin known for making wines.
San Antonio Valley. Leyda specifically.
103
Who produces Don Melchor? Where is it produced.
Concha y Toro . Puente Alto(Maipo)
104
Where is Santa Cruz?
Colchagua
105
What famous region is located within Santa Cruz?
Apalta
106
What does Apalta translate to?
Earthquake
107
What is VIGNO?
An association of 12 producers of old vine Carignan that seek to maintain the character and show respect for the vine in Maule. Besides pledging to make Carignan-based wines, produced under dry-farming conditions and having the mission of rescuing the old vines of Maule, VIGNO celebrates the cultural heritage of the Maule, its people and winemaking traditions that have been passed on from generation to generation for over 400 years.
108
What are 3 requirements of VIGNO members
Wines must be 65% Carignan, dry farmed, and at least 30 years old. 100% of fruit must be from Maule, head trained bush vines. Wines must psend 24 months in barrel and bottle
109
Where must the wines be 100% from if VIGNO?
Maule
110
What percentage of Carignan is required for wines labeled VIGNO?
65%
111
Where is Loncomilla Valley?
Maule
112
Where is Claro Valley?
Maule
113
Where is Tutuven Valley?
Maule
114
What are the sub regions of Maule?
Claro Valley, Loncomilla Valley, Tutuven Valley
115
What varieties were recommendedd to be replanted in itata after 1939 earthquake?
Muscatel de ALexandria and Cinsault
116
Who produces Sol de Sol?
Vina Aquitania
117
Name two members of VIGNO
De Martino, Miguel Torres
118
Who produces Alpha M, where is it made, what grapes?
Vina Montes, Apalta, Bordeaux style blend
119
Where is Marchigue?
Colchagua. Very good Carmenere grown here.
120
What is the most planted grape in the Limari Valley?
Chardonnay! it is one of Chile's cool climate regions. Mostly Costa. QUEBRADA SECA
121
What is the most planted variety in the Itata Valley?
Moscatel de Alejandria BY FARRRRRRR
122
What are Tinajas?
This wine rescues an old tradition deeply rooted in rural Chile: winemaking using large earthenware jars called tinajas. Once upon a time many farms used to make wine for their own consumption which they ferment and store in amphorae of various shapes and sizes. The commercialisation of the Chilean wine industry has seen this tradition disappear, but a couple of years ago, the De Martino family decided to revive it and purchased as many clay pots as they could find including former ashtrays and holders of cactus plants!
123
What is the most planted grape in the Elqui Valley?
Syrah.
124
Where is Puente Alto?
Maipo Valley
125
What is the elevation for Alto Maipo?
Alto Maipo is in the foothills of the Andes at elevation from 1,200 to 2,500 feet above sea level.
126
Where is Pirque?
Maipo
127
What producer from Chablis also has invested in vineyards in Maipo?
William Fevre
128
What made Maipo a great site to plant vines?
it was well-drained soils and the proximity of the Maipo River for irrigation that made the valley such a propitious place to grow grapes.
129
What are the 3 divisions of Maipo?
Alto Maipo, Medio Maipo, Maipo Costa/Bajo
130
What type of climate does Maipo Valley experience?
It has a Mediterranean climate with hot dry summers, dry falls, moderate winters and springs free of frost.
131
Explain the climate of Maipo Valley
With the high elevation, warm sun during the day is followed by colder nights, which slow ripening. This extends the growing season, leading to grapes with a balance of ripeness and acidity. The soils are free draining alluvial soils that are great for viticulture.
132
What affect does being close to ththe Andes have on vineyards in Chile?
Particularly on the eastern half of the Central Valley, the nightly descent of cool air from the Andes refreshes the vines inland, and also it permits access to irrigation from Andes snow melt.
133
What are the best subregions of Colchagua?
Marchigue and Apalta
134
Where does Vina Aquitania Sol de Sol Chardonnay come from?
Malleco
