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Regional Geo > Southeast Asia/Oceania > Flashcards

Southeast Asia/Oceania Flashcards

1
Q

Southeast Asia Info

A

4 m Km2 - smallest
42% urbanized
633 million population

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2
Q

SE Asia Climate

A

Tropical, Subtropical

Monsoons prevalent

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3
Q

Intertropical Convergence Zone

A

Near equator where north/south trade winds coverage, resulting in solar heating and tropical thunderstorms
Keys: differential air pressure, rotation of earth

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4
Q

Tropical Storms

A

Warm ocean waters in Aug-Oct

Typhoon ( West Pacific), Cyclones (Indian)

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5
Q

Typhoon Haiyan

A

Strongest ever recorded
Hit Philippines in 2013
>6000 deaths

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6
Q

Water in SE Asia

A

Heavy daily rains, plus tropical heat = lush vegetation, rainforest

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7
Q

Borneo

A

Southern 2/3’s are Indonesia, Top is Malaysia with Brunei

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8
Q

SE Asia Tectonics

A

Meeting of Eurasian, Philippine Plate, Pacific Plate, Australian Plate
Volcanoes: Pinatubo (Philippines), Krakton, Tambora (Indonesia)
Earthquakes: Bahol, Luzon, Bandu Aceh
Typhoon: Haiyas

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9
Q

Vegetation

A

Tropical Evergreen forests vs Deciduous (monsoon) seasonal forests vs Coastal Mangroves

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10
Q

Wallace’s Line

A

Last ice age, land bridges connected the Islands except for split on the line
Created 2 distinct ecoregion with very different species

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11
Q

SE Asia Ancient Civilizations

A

Local tribes headed by chiefs
2000 ya, trade with Chinese and Indian civilizations
Brought new forms of social structure, religion, agriculture and technology
Consolidation of local tribes into organized empires

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12
Q

SE Asia 2 Dominant Kingdoms

A 
Mainland: Khmer Empire (Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos)
- Angkor Wat (12th C) religious centre
Maritime: Srivijaya (Indonesia, Sumatra)
- (600-1400AD)
-Borobuder (Java) Buddhist Temple
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13
Q

Buddhist Kingdoms

A

Thai, Burmese and other Buddhist empires succeeded Khmer Empire on Mainland

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14
Q

Sultans

A

Maritime fell under the control of Sultans (Arabic term for person in power of territory) (Sultanate)

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15
Q

Colonialism in SE Asia

A

Began with Mercantile trade 1500-1800
Industrial economy 1800-WWII
Thailand remained independent

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16
Q

Japanese Imperialism

A

War with China in 1930s and WWII 1940s, expanded empire throughout region
Occupation during WWII led to calls for independence

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17
Q

SE Asia Regional Conflict

A

Indo-China decolonization conflict and manifestation of the Cold War
The Vietnam War
Cambodia (Khmer Rouge) Pol Pot and killing fields

18
Q

SE Asia Religion

A
  1. Islam - 36%, mainly Indonesia, some in Burma
  2. Buddhism - 27%, largest in mainland
  3. Christianity - 23%, Philippines
  4. Some Animism
19
Q

SE Asia Agriculture

A

Dependent on it
>40% employed in Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam
>70% in Cambodia, Laos
Rice, sugar, spices, plantation (rubber, tea, coffee)

20
Q

SE Asia Manufacturing

A 
Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia
Educated labour and low wages
Export processing zones
Trans-National Corporations
Little Tigers
21
Q

SE Asia Population Migration

A

Rural to urban
Result of conflict
Resettlement programs - ex Indonesian transmigration
International

22
Q

Rohingya Refugees

A

Minority Muslim group in Myanmar persecuted by Buddhist groups and the military
Houses, villages burned

23
Q

SE Asia Urbanization

A

Textile based

Industrialization and urban growth

24
Q

Oceania Info

A

20,000 small islands
8.8m km2 (7th largest)
39 m pop (Smallest)
66% Urbanized

25
Q

Antarctica

A

Research stations only
World’s largest desert
-60 to 0*C
Mountains beneath ice (Transantarctic, Mt Vinson)

26
Q

Antarctic Ice Sheets

A

EAIS - thicker (10,000’), covers mountain ranges
WAIS - rests on sea floor (ice shelves)
Getting smaller overall
Sea levels would rise 60m if they melted

27
Q

Antarctic Claims

A

Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, UK, US

28
Q

Australia Climate

A

Mostly desert (drought prone)
Typically 3-4 cyclones/year, mainly Northeast
Coasts more temperate, tropical north

29
Q

New Zealand Climate

A

Varies N-S and E-W

Rain shadow effect

30
Q

Pacific Island Climate

A

Hot and humid

Volcanic have rain, coral atolls don’t

31
Q

Oceania Physiography

A

Little tectonic activity in AUS, NZ (mountainous) moderately active as its on a plate boundary

32
Q

Oceania First Inhabitants

A

40,000 ya via land bridges connecting AUS (Aborigines) and Tasmania w/ SE Asia
Dispersed to Pacific Islands 4000ya
Location Isolation = distinct cultures

33
Q

Polynesians

A

Lot’s of similarities with South Americans

Thor Heyerdahl thought they came from East (disproven)

34
Q

Oceania Exploration

A

1600’s, Tasmania (1640), Captain Cook in 1770’s
AUS became British penal colony, later became pardoned
Initially agriculture, discovered gold and other minerals

35
Q

Pacific Island Colonialism

A

Spanish, French, British colonies established as Economic bases (supply point and whaling) and to convert indigenous to Christianity
Mostly plantation agriculture

36
Q

Oceania Independence

A

AUS (1901), NZ (1907)
WWII many islands under Japanese control then American
Some independent in 1960’s, 70’s, others remain colonies of AUS/NZ

37
Q

Oceania Demography

A

Sparsely populated, clustered along coasts
Very strict immigration until 1970’s
Aboriginals significant part of culture

38
Q

Oceania Economic Development

A

Same as West
Agriculture -> Mining
Import substitution had little success
77% and 75% employed in services

39
Q

Oceania Economics

A

Major Trade deficits
Tourism major industry
Employment; but degrades environment, labour and culture exploits

40
Q

Oceania Urbanization

A

Australia (89%) and New Zealand (86%)

Islands only 34%, PPNG (12%) least in world

Regional Geo (5 decks)

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