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D3 Take 2 > Southern Rhône > Flashcards

Southern Rhône Flashcards

1
Q

Climate in Southern Rhône?

A

Warm Mediterranean.

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2
Q

There is less protection from the Mistral in southern Rhône compared to northern. Why?

A

The land is generally flatter.

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3
Q

What variety is the most planted in southern Rhône, how is it trained and why is it trained the way it is?

A

Grenache Noir, bush trained low to withstand the strong Mistral wind.

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4
Q

How is Syrah usually trained in southern Rhône ? Why?

A

Syrah is usually tied to trellises to give protection from the wind.

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5
Q

Define the hierarchy of appellations in southern Rhône.

A

Côtes du Rhône AOC
Côtes du Rhône Villages AOC
Côtes du Rhône Villages + named village AOC
Individual appellations known as Cru

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6
Q

How many named villages are there for Côtes du Rhône Villages + named village AOC?

A

22

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7
Q

With the exception of Châteauneuf-du-Pape southern Rhône AOC regulations typically require what grape to be dominant in blends with what two other varieties?

A

Grenache-dominated together with Mourvèdre and Syrah.

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8
Q

Côtes du Rhône AOC covers all of Rhône, northern too. But in practice the vast majority comes from the south. Why?

A

Producers in the north can usually sell under more valuable appellations.

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9
Q

In a Côtes du Rhône red or rosé how many percent must Grenache Noir, Mourvèdre and Syrah be together in the blend?

A

Minimum 60%

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10
Q

If the grapes come from southern Rhône in a Côtes du Rhône, how many percent must be Grenache Noir? And what is the minimum of Mourvèdre and Syrah combination in percent?

A

If the grapes are from southern Rhône (which most often is the case) the CdR must have minimum 30% Grenache Noir and minimum 20% Mourvèdre/Syrah combination.

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11
Q

Name the six principal varieties for white Côtes du Rhône AOC, and how much must they make up of the final blend?

A

Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Rousanne and Viognier must make up 80% of the blend.

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12
Q

Côtes du Rhône Villages must contain what variety? Minimum percentage for at least two of three principal varieties? What are the principal varieties?

A

Must contain Grenache Noir. At least 66% must be at least two of the principal varieties. The three principal varieties are Grenache Noir. Mourvèdre and Syrah.

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13
Q

Max yield for red Côtes du Rhône?
Côtes du Rhône Villages?
Côtes du Rhône Villages + named village?

A

CdR is 51 hL/ha
CdR Villages is 44 hL/ha
CdR Villages + named village 41 hL/ha

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14
Q

Tasting note for Côtes du Rhône?

A

Medium intensity ruby
Medium intensity red plum and blackberry, no oak
Medium acidity
Medium tannin (low if carbonic)
Medium alcohol

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15
Q

Quality and price for Côtes du Rhône?

A

Good quality and inexpensive.

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16
Q

Gigondas AOC is in part shaded by mountains, what is the name of the mountains? The shading does what for the resulting wine?

A

Dentelles de Montmirall partly shades Gigondas, that extends the period of maturation and increases the flavour in the wines.

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17
Q

Gigondas has vineyards up to what height above sea level?

A

600m

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18
Q

What is the principal variety of Gigondas? What is minimum percentage of that variety? One more variety MUST be in the blend, name them.

A

Grenache Noir is principal variety and must be at least 50%. At least one of Syrah or Mourvèdre must also be in the blend.

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19
Q

This appellation is just south-west of Gigondas, a bit lower than Gigondas 600m. Name it and how high does it rise?

A

Vacqueyras AOC, rises to 440m which gives diurnal range but never enough to threaten ripening.

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20
Q

Final blend in Vacqueyras must be what principal variety? At least how much? And at least one out of two varieties must also be in the blend. Name them.

A

Minimum 50% Grenache Noir. At least one of Syrah or Mourvèdre must be in the final blend.

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21
Q

Quality and price for Gigondas and Vacqueyras?

A

Good to very good and mid- to premium priced.

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22
Q

The most northerly of the southern Rhône appellations? Exclusively what colour of wine? Final blend must be how much of principal variety? Name the principal and name the other two that at least one of needs to be in the final blend.

A

Vinsobres AOC. Only red wine. Principal variety Grenache Noir must be at minimum 50% and at least one of Syrah or Mourvèdre needs to be in the final blend.

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23
Q

At what aspect do you find the vineyards of Vinsobres? At what altitude?

A

South south-east facing slopes climbing to 200-500m

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24
Q

In Vinsobres (and as is usual in the region) you can find some older plots of what varieties? Valued for their high quality fruit.

A

Carignan and cinsault

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25
Q

When was Vinsobres promoted to a separate AOC (Cru)? What was it before?

A
  1. It was previously a named village within Côtes du Rhône villages AOC
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26
Q

In Rasteau you usually get ripe, full bodied wines. Why is that seen from a landscape point of view?

A

The vines are planted on low (100m) south-facing slopes in an enclave sheltering the mistral. It gets very warm.

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27
Q

What year was Rasteau AOC promoted to Cru? Principal grape? Minimum percentage of the principal grape? You must have at least one out of two supporting grapes in the final blend. Name them.

A

2010 for red wine. Minimum 50% Grenache Noir and at least one of Syrah or Mourvèdre in the final blend.

28
Q

Quality and price for Rasteau AOC?

A

Good to very good and mid- to premium priced.

29
Q

Just west of Rasteau is what southern Rhône Cru?

A

Cairanne AOC

30
Q

Cairanne AOC produces mainly red wines in a fruity and approachable style. Principal variety? Minimum percent? At least one of two supporting grapes in the final blend. Name them.

A

Minimum 40% Grenache Noir and at least one of Syrah or Mourvèdre in the final blend.

31
Q

When was Cairanne promoted to Cru? Cairanne has a reputation for high quality of what type of wine, but producing small amounts of it?

A
  1. Small amounts of white has reputation for quality.
32
Q

Southern Rhône Cru best known for Vin Doux Naturel? From what year is also unfortified still red also included in the AOC?

A

Beaumes-de-Venise AOC, since 2005.

33
Q

Beaumes-de-Venise differs slightly when it comes to what must be in the final blend, how?

A

what differs is that Syrah must be in the blend together with Grenache Noir, and together they must make up minimum 50%

34
Q

The origin of the name Chateauneuf-du-Pape?

A

Papacy was relocated to Avignon in the 14th century, the area became was the summer residence for the Pope

35
Q

Chateauneuf-du-Pape is historic and of utmost importance in the history of French wine. Why?

A

In 1923 Baron du Roy of Chateau Fortia drew up a set of rules to protect the name from being used outside of the region, Theis befann the roll model for the AOC system. Approved in 1936.

36
Q

Outline the most important rules that Baron du Roy of Chateau Fortia drew up for Chateauneuf-du-Pape.

A

Delimited the region where the grapes had to be grown. 13 allowed varieties (18 if you count colours). Red and white wine. Minimum 12,5% abv without chaptalisation (difficult at the time).

37
Q

Most common blends for red and white wine from Chateauneuf-du-Pape?

A

Red most often Grenache Noir, Syrah and Mourvèdre. White most often Grenache Blanc, Rousanne, bouboulenc and clairette.

38
Q

What two important northern Rhône white varieties are NOT allowed in Chateauneuf-du-Pape AOC?

A

Marsanne and Viognier

39
Q

Why is it that you can get a single variety wine from Chateauneuf-du-Pape and not from the other AOC’s in southern Rhône ?

A

There is no stipulation on principal variety or minimum percentage.

40
Q

Chateauneuf-du-Pape is large, more than 3.000 ha. What soil types can you find?

A

Limestone, clay, sandstone and sandy soils.

41
Q

How many percent was certified organic in C9dP in 2021?

A

27%

42
Q

Average yields in C9dP are just under 30 hL/ha. What growing conditions contributes to the low yields?

A

Low fertility soils, and generally fast-draining soils lead to reduced vegetative growth, leading to smaller crops of ripe grapes.

43
Q

In C9dP you can find a famous soil attribute that aid ripening during night. What? What is it called and why is it becoming less wanted?

A

Large pebbles called “galets roulés” radiate heat at night. Due to global warming the excessive heat leads to high sugar levels.

44
Q

What can producers in C9dP do to add complexity to their wines?

A

Blend across lieux-dits and soil types. Sandy soils are believed to make finer and lighter wine, soils with large pebbles make mores structured wines.

45
Q

Typical tasting note for Chateauneuf-du-Pape?

A

Medium ruby. Medium(+) to pronounced intensity of ripe red plum, blackberry, spice notes and sometimes new oak notes. Medium acidity, high alcohol. Tannins vary from medium(-) to high depending on blend, winemaking and vintage.

46
Q

Due to C9dP being very large, quality and price varies but in general what is quality and price?

A

Good to outstanding and mid-priced to super-premium.

47
Q

Principal varieties in Lirac AOC? How many percent must they together make up of the final blend?

A

Grenache Noir, Mourvèdre, Syrah, cinsault must make up 90% of the blend.

48
Q

Name a significant producer in Lirac, one that also has vineyards in Chateauneuf-du-Pape.

A

Domaine de la Mordorée

49
Q

Name the appellation that is solely dedicated to rosé in the Rhône valley.

A

Tavel AOC

50
Q

How many principal varieties does Tavel have? What variety MUST be in the blend?

A

12 principal varieties (red and white), grenache Noir must be in the final blend.

51
Q

None of the principal varieties can make up more than how much of the final blend in Tavel?

A

60%

52
Q

Typical tasting note for Tavel?

A

Medium intensity pink-orange. Medium to medium(+) intensity of strawberry and raspberry. Medium(+) to full body and medium alcohol.

53
Q

Quality and price for Tavel?

A

Good to very good, mid- to premium priced.

54
Q

Name the four largest by production level so called satellite appellations in southern Rhône.

A

Costières de Nîmes AOC, Grignan-les-Adhémar AOC, Ventoux AOC and Luberon AOC.

55
Q

Name the appellation that lies between the Rhône and eastern Languedoc making up the south-west limit of the Rhône region.

A

Costières de Nîmes AOC

56
Q

Principal varieties for red wine in Costières de Nîmes? Singly or together they must make up how many percent of the final wine?

A

Grenache Noir, Mourvèdre , Syrah must singly or together make up a minimum of 50%

57
Q

Name the appellation in the northern end of the southern Rhône.

A

Grignan-les-Adhémar AOC

58
Q

What is an important cooling influence in Ventoux AOC?

A

Altitude and cool air coming down the high Mont Ventoux, this gives freshness to the wine

59
Q

Up to what height are vines grown in Ventoux AOC?

A

Up to 450m

60
Q

Almost 54% is red in Ventoux, 40% rosé and 6% white. But what are the principal varieties? And how must the final blend be?

A

Grenache Noir, Mourvèdre, Syrah, Carignan and cinsault. Together they must make up minimum 50%, and at least two must be present.

61
Q

Quality and price in Ventoux AOC?

A

Good to very good and inexpensive to mid-priced.

62
Q

Name the southern Rhône appellation that borders with Provence .

A

Luberon AOC

63
Q

Vines in Luberon are planted on gentle slopes or flat land. What are the principal varieties? The blend must contain at least two. How many percent must be principal varieties?

A

Grenache Noir, Syrah and Mourvèdre. 50%

64
Q

Elaborate on permission to irrigate AOC wines, not just in Rhône but whole of France.

A

You can apply for permission to irrigate under strict conditions. Proof of water stress. NO irrigation after véraison. NEVER to exceed the maximum yield allowed by the individual AOC.

65
Q

Where are the largest négociants based? Northern or southern Rhône? Name a few big ones.

A

Northern, but operates throughout the valley. Guigal, Jaboulet, Chapoutier.

66
Q

Co-operatives are more important in the southern Rhône than in the northern. Name one important northern Co-op and one important Co-op based in Chateauneuf-du-Pape.

A

Cave de Tain in Tain l’Ermitage sells around 40% of all Crozes-Hermitage AOC wines. Celler des Princes is based in Chateauneuf-du-Pape

67
Q

Exports of Rhône wine is growing. Name top three markets. Top market in value?

A

Belgium, UK and USA. USA is highest in value.

D3 Take 2 (20 decks)

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