sp test Flashcards
Low Socioeconomic Home
Family have a low economic and
social position. Tends to correlate
with lower educational
achievement, poverty and poor health
Social Development
Interactions with people or the
environment
Response to Intervention (RtI)
a process to monitor and measure
student progress in the general
education curriculum after
instructional intervention is
provided small group pull-out, tutoring
Executive Function
the cognitive abilities to control
one’s thoughts, emotions, and
actions - this includes working
memory, inhibitory control and
flexible thinking
Executive function is responsible for
many skills, including paying attention,
organizing, planning and prioritizing.
Abuse / Neglect
Acts or failures to act by caregivers
that lead to physical or emotional
harm
Malnutrition
Intrinsically
Motivated
students draw their motivation
from the learning process itself
Kinesthetic
Learning / Tactile
Learning
Learning primarily by touching
things or doing an activity
create and act out plays or skits
Constructivism
Learning new behaviors by
adjusting our current view of the
world
Research projects
Flexible Thinking
the ability to adjust to changed
priorities (a component of
executive function)
A child uses flexible thinking to find an
alternative way to solve a problem
when the first method doesn’t work.
Language Barriers
Individuals whose primary language
is not English may encounter
difficulties with communication
Inhibitory Control
the ability to think before acting (a
component of executive function)
Resisting the urge to eat dessert is an
example of inhibitory control
Substance Abuse
overindulgence in or dependence
on an addictive substance
Alcoholism
Auditory Learning
Learning primarily by hearing things
Lectures
Socioeconomic Issues
Issues coming from economic and
social position in relation to others,
based on income, education, and
occupation
poverty, low income, religious
persecution, discrimination
Cognitive
Development
Thinking or learning
Emotional
Development
Processing and understanding
feelings
Self-Regulation
the ability of a person to control
their emotions, body, and behavior
when faced with an unwanted
situation
Behaviorism
Learning theory rooted in the
notion that all behaviors are
learned through interaction with
the environment
Learning Style
The manner in which a student
learns best
Visual Learning
Cognitivism
Learning new behaviors by
connecting current knowledge with
new knowledge
Teaching fractions by talking about
pizza slices
Working Memory
the ability to hold information in
one’s mind (a component of
executive function)
Working memory helps a child to
remember multi-step directions.
Physical
Development
Development of the body and
coordinated movement
Formative
Assessments
Assessment for learning. Usually
mid-instruction assessment with
the purpose of assessing student
progress and informing the teacher
so instruction can be altered as
needed.
graphic organizers, games
Percentile Rank
the percentage of scores in its
frequency distribution that are
equal to or lower than it.
a test score that is greater than 55% of
the scores of people taking the test is at
the 55th percentile, where 55 is the
percentile rank. In a non-skewed,
normal distribution (shown below)
most students are around the 50th
percentile.
Informal
Assessments
More flexible than formal
assessments and can be adjusted to
fit the situation and particular
needs of the student being tested
observations during a lesson
Review of Existing
Data (REED)
a mandated review of all existing
evaluation data including the initial
evaluation, any re-evaluations,
classroom observations, and
standardized testing to determine if
dismissal of services is necessary
Self-Assessment
Self-review of one’s progress with
the assignment
Rubric, Exit Ticket
Assessment
tools used to evaluate student
growth and determine whether
educational goals are being met
Bias
Prejudiced feelings, outlook, or
leanings for or against a particular
person, race, ethnicity, age, or
group, often without taking others’
opinions into consideration.
assuming all English language learners
are less intelligent than native English
speakers
Culture
a set of shared attitudes or beliefs
common to a group or area
Cultural
Stereotypes
fixed impression which may have
little basis in fact
all Asian students are above average
intelligence
Summative
Assessments
Assessment of learning. Given at
specific points in time in order to
determine what students know and
don’t know. Summative
assessments are generally formal.
State assessments, district benchmarks,
semester or six weeks tests, and end of
unit or chapter
Visual Learning
Learning primarily by seeing things
Written examples
Assessment Tools
Various materials used to gather
data on individual students
Teacher reports, IQ tests
Formal
Assessments
a usually post-instruction
assessment with the purpose of
assessing student knowledge,
retention, and application. Often
involve the use of a standardized
rubric or scoring guide based on
several criteria.
chapter tests, semester tests
Achievement Test
A standardized test designed to
measure levels of knowledge,
understanding, abilities, or skills
acquired in a particular subject
already learned
State assessments
Ethnicity
A group of people who share a
common language, heritage, and/or
other traits.
Some ethnicities in the US include
Asians, Germans, and African
Americans
Independent
Educational
Evaluation (IEE)
Evaluation conducted by
independent qualified assessment
personal not associated with the
local education agency
medical Tests, psychiatric Tests, outside
testing
Classroom
Management
the teacher’s system of establishing
a climate for learning, including
techniques for preventing
misbehavior and handling student
behavior
Explicit Teaching
the process of teaching by
communicating clear expectations
and giving specific feedback to
students
Aggression
physical or verbal hostility that is
intended to harm the recipient
a student hitting another student
Noncompliance /
Defiance
not doing what is expected or asked
and possibly giving excuses or
reasons the student cannot or will
not comply
Reductive
Strategies
actions that decrease the
probability of negative behaviors
occurring
removing the audience means letting the
student know that you will address their
behavior later and moving on so that no one
can give attention to the negative behavior
Proactive
Strategies
actions that increase the
probability of positive behaviors
occurring
providing clearly defined expectations and
building relationships
Reinforcement
providing positive responses to
positive behaviors in an effort to
increase the frequency
Positive Behavioral
Intervention and
Support (PBIS)
a 3-tiered system that provides
positive attention for desired
behaviors from all students and
becomes more specific and
motivating for struggling students
Praise for students raising their hand, rather
than punishing the student who shouts out
Nonviolent Crisis
Intervention
Training
training for professionals to deescalate behaviors through
nonverbal and verbal techniques to
ensure the safety and welfare of
the students and staff
A signal that a student uses to step outside
when feeling anxious
Removing The
Audience
letting the student know that you
will address their behavior later and
moving on so that other students
can not give attention for negative
behavior
Withdrawal
refusal to participate or engage
Self-Stimulation
repetitive actions, sounds, or words
that are generally not socially
appropriate, but help the individual
soothe or calm themselves
Flapping hands, making clicking sounds with
mout
Local Education
Agency (LEA)
the education agency responsible
for the school
Context Clues /
Contextual
Analysis
using the words before and after an
unknown word to determine its
meaning
It was a beautiful day that made it idyllic for
swimming.
Decoding
In reading out loud, being able to
sound out words by breaking them
into simple forms. In reading for
comprehension, the understanding
of how to read each letter or letter
pattern in a word to determine the
word’s meaning
Transition Services
a results-oriented process to
transition the student from school
to post-secondary, career/
vocational education, integrated
employment, and/or community
involvement.
College or Technical School or Employment
Setting
Accommodation
changes the location or conditions
of the testing environment to
reduce distractions for the student
or other students
alternate location, small group administration
Dysgraphia
language-based disorder, in which
one struggles with the mechanics
of writing resulting in impaired or
illegible handwriting
Messy handwriting (due to issues such as poor
formation of letters, improper size, spacing
between letters or words, or slant of words) is
the main sign of dysgraphia.
Direct Instruction
a teacher-led approach to
instruction in which the instructor
provides information on a concept
and is the sole expert in the room
lectures and demonstrations
Phonics / Graphophonemic
Principle
Using the relationship between
symbols (letters and words) and
sounds of a language to read and
write
Modeling
an instructional strategy in which
the teacher demonstrates a
concept or skill and students learn
by observing
When a teacher encounters a difficult word in
a text, she thinks aloud to model how she can
use the context clues to discover the meaning.
Response
Accommodation
allows students to complete
assignments in different ways
scribe, word processor, calculator, spelling or
grammar device
Time / Scheduling
Accommodation
increases the length of time
designated to complete an
assignment or alters the way the
time is organized
Extended Time/Frequent Breaks
Aids For Daily
Living
allow students to independently
perform activities of daily living
(eating, grooming, toileting, etc.)
Adapted cups that prevent choking and spills
Velcro/hooks that allow for independent
dressing
Summarizing
Writing or speaking a brief
description of more extensive
information by covering only the
main/most important points,
without details.
Generalization
forming a general concept from
specific information
When her new student brought in all his
supplies and completed his homework during
his first week, the teacher made the
generalization that he was a responsible
student.
Academic and Learning Aids
assist students with certain
disabilities that impact learning and
effect child’s ability to master
academic content
Calculater
Maintenance
practicing a skill until
demonstrating independent
mastery
Activities of Daily
Living (ADLs)
activities performed daily to meet
an individual’s basic needs
Washing hair and body
Overlearning
The process of practicing a skill after
demonstrating mastery
Assistive Listening
Devices /
Environmental
Aids
assist students who are hard of
hearing/deaf process auditory
information
Amplification devices
Assistive
Technology
any item, piece of equipment, or
product system that is used to
increase, maintain, or improve the
functional capabilities of children
with disabilities
Audiobook
Small Groups
a smaller portion of the larger class
working with the teacher on a skill
or task
Augmentative Communication
Aids
allow for expressive (expressing
thoughts/ ideas) and receptive
(understanding what others are
saying) communication in children
with limited to no communication
Speech to Text Communicator or Text to
Speech Communicator
Fluent
a reader is fluent if they read
accurately, with prosody, and at an
appropriate speed
Guided Practice
a phase of instruction in which the
students practice with teacher
support
Environmental Control Aids
allow students to independently
interact with/control their
environment
Adapted switches or Adapted appliances
Math Manipulatives
a physical object to help students
move from concrete to abstract
reasoning
Computer Access Aids
allow students with disabilities to
easily use classroom computers
Adapted keyboard or Special software
Mobility Aids
ncrease student mobility
Wheelchair or walker
Skip Counting
he practice of counting by 5s, 10s,
20s, 25s, and 100s
Glasser’s Lead Teacher Concept
promoting student engagement by
deliberately choosing topics,
instructional methods, and
materials that relate to students’
insterests
