SP14 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are the properties of the states of matter?
Check SP14 booklet slide 3.
What are the names of changes of state from solid to gas and vice versa?
Solid to gas is sublimation.
Gas to solid is deposition.
Check SP14 booklet slide 4 for the rest.
What is physical change?
A change in which no new substances are formed (e.g. changes of state).
What is chemical change?
A change that results in the formation of new substances (e.g. combustion, neutralisation).
What is density?
Amount of matter per unit volume.
How do we calculate density?
Density (ρ) = Mass (m) / Volume (V)
What is the core practical to find the density of a liquid?
- Put an empty beaker on a balance and set the balance to zero.
- Use a measuring cylinder to measure 50cm³ of a liquid and then pour it into the beaker.
- Write down the reading on the balance (this is the mass of 50cm³ of the liquid).
What is the core practical to find the density of a solid with an irregular shape?
- Find the mass of the solid using a balance and write it down.
- Stand a displacement can with its spout over a bowl.
- Fill it with water until water starts to come out the spout.
- Hold a measuring cylinder under the spout and carefully drop the solid into the displacement can. If the solid floats, carefully push it down until all of it is underwater (your finger or object used to submerge the solid should not be in the water).
- Read the volume of the water collected in the measuring cylinder and write it down (this is the volume the solid).
Check SP14 booklet slide 15.
What is temperature?
A measure of how hot or cold an object is, determined by the average kinetic energy of the particles in the object.
What is the difference between temperature and thermal energy?
Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of particles.
Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of all the particles.
Check SP14 booklet slide 21.
How is heat/thermal energy transferred?
Heat/thermal energy always flows from a hotter to cooler object. The bigger the difference in temperature, the faster the energy is transferred. The cool object becomes hotter and the hot object becomes cooler until they both have the same temperature (thermal equilibrium).
How can we maintain a store of thermal energy?
Amount of energy that is transferred to the surroundings by heating needs to be reduced. This can be done by surrounding a warm object with insulating materials (e.g. wool, foam, bubble wrap). This can also be used with cold objects such as fridges to stop energy form the surroundings being transferred to the inside by heating.
What is specific heat capacity?
The amount of energy a substance needs to take in, in order to increase the temperature of 1 kilogram of the substance by 1°C.
What is specific latent heat?
The amount of energy it takes to make 1 kilogram of a substance change state.
Describe the graph of changes of state and energy.
Check SP14 booklet slide 27.
How do we calculate the energy needed to heat up an object?
ΔQ = m x c x Δθ
Check SP14 booklet slide 32 for extra info.
How do we calculate the energy needed to change state?
Q = m x L
Check SP14 booklet slide 36 for extra info.
How do we investigate the melting of water?
Check SP14 booklet slide 41.
How do we investigate the specific heat capacity of water?
Check SP14 booklet slide 42.
How does temperature affect particles?
The higher the temperature of a substance, the higher the kinetic energy of particles and vice versa.
What is gas pressure?
Created due to the collisions between the moving gas particles and the walls of the container which holds them.
How do we calculate pressure?
Pressure (P) = Force (F) / Area (A)
How do we measure pressure?
Pascals (Pa) where 1 Pa = 1 N/m²
What is the relationship of pressure and temperature? Why?
Pressure and temperature are directly proportional (ρ ∝ T (Kelvin)).
This is because increasing the temperature of a gas increases the speed of particles, which also increases the pressure of the gas.
