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Edexcel GCSE Physics (9-1) > SP5 - Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum ✓ > Flashcards

SP5 - Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum ✓ Flashcards

(40 cards)

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1
Q

SP5a - Describe total internal reflection.

A
  • When light passes from water or glass into air, the ray could be totally internally reflected.
  • When the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, then the light is completed reflected inside the block.
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2
Q

SP5a - What can i and r represent in ray diagrams?

A
  • i: Angle of incidence (between incident ray and the normal)
  • r: Angle of reflection/refraction (between reflected/refracted ray and the normal)
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3
Q

SP5a - What is the normal?

A

The line drawn perpendicular to the object light is reflecting off (or refracting through)

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4
Q

SP5a - What is the relation between the angles of incidence and reflection?

A

i = r (Angle of incidence = angle of reflection)

This is the law of reflection

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5
Q

SP5a - What two processes can be shown using a ray diagram?

A
  • Reflection
  • Refraction
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6
Q

SP5a CP - Describe a method to explore refraction with varying angles of incidence,

A
  • Place a ray box with a slit in front of it on a piece of paper
  • Place a glass box the way of the ray of light thta is being produced
  • Draw around the glass block
  • Mark the point of entry and exit for the light aswell as two further points (such as origin and edge of paper) on the piece of paper
  • Use your markings to draw lines representing the travel of the ray of light
  • Repeat with ray box at different angles and compare your results
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7
Q

SP5b - Describe why a green object appears green in sunlight.

A
  • Sunlight is made up of white light as it contains all the colours of the visible spectrum
  • An object that appears green will reflect the green part of the spectrum but abosrb all the other colours
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8
Q

SP5b - What are the two types of reflection?

A
  • Specular: When light is reflected evenly on a smooth surface
  • Diffuse: When light is reflected in all directions on a rough surface
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9
Q

SP5b - Why do some objects appear black / white?

A
  • White objects reflect all colours
  • Black objects absorb all colours
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10
Q

SP5c - When an object is placed more than 2F from a converging lens, what kind of image is created?

A
  • Diminished
  • Inverted
  • Real Image
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11
Q

SP5c - What does F mean on a ray diagram?

A

F is the focal length, i.e the length between the lens and its focal point

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12
Q

SP5c - What happens when an object is placed between 2F and F from a converging lens?

A

The image is:

  • Magnified
  • Real
  • Inverted
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13
Q

SP5c - What happens when an object is placed less than F from a converging lens?

A
  • Magnified
  • Virtual
  • Right way up
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14
Q

SP5c - What type of image do diverging lens always form?

A

Images that are:

  • virtual
  • same way up
  • much closer to the lens
  • much smaller
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15
Q

SP5c - What is a lens, and what is its power?

A

A lens is a small piece of transparent material made to refract light in a certain way

The power of a lens is how much it refracts light and is dependant on the shape and thickness of the lens

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16
Q

SP5c - When an object is placed at 2F from a converging lens, what happens?

A
  • Real image
  • Inverted
  • 2F from other side of lens
  • Same size
  • (Photocopier)
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17
Q

SP5c - What is the difference between real and virtual images?

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A
  • A real image can be projected onto a screen whereas virtual image cannot be projected onto a screen.
  • Real images are formed by light rays that come together.
  • Virtual images seem to be on the same side of the lens as the object
18
Q

SP5c - What is the focal point of a lens?

Study These Flashcards
A

The point where all the rays of light would converge onto and meet.

19
Q

SP5c - What is the difference between a converging (convex) and diverging (concave) lens?

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A
  • Converging: Fatter in the middle and thinner at the top and bottom. Rays of light converge onto a focal point
  • Diverging: Fatter at the top and bottom and thinner in the middle. Rays diverge away from each other once they pass through
20
Q

SP5d - How were infrared waves discovered?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • A prism was used to refract white light into the seven componets.
  • A thermometer was placed just outside of the red part of this spectrum.
  • Another was placed in the spectrum.
  • The thermometer next to red was warmer suggesting there was something warming it up
21
Q

SP5d - What are the similarities between all EM waves?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • They are all transverse waves
  • They all travel at (3x10^8m/s) ina vacuum
  • They transfer energy
22
Q

SP5e - List all of the EM waves in order of increasing wavelength/decreasing frequency.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Gamma rays
  • X-rays
  • Ultraviolet
  • Visible light
  • Infrared
  • Microwaves
  • Radio waves
23
Q

SP5e - List all the colours in the visible light spectrum.

Study These Flashcards
A

ROYGBIV

  • Red
  • Orange
  • Yellow
  • Green
  • Blue
  • Indigo
  • Violet
24
Q

SP5e - Why do different telescopes need to be used to study different EM waves?

Study These Flashcards
A

EM waves of different length get absorbed by different amounts by the atmosphere

25
SP5f - How are radio waves produced?
* Oscillations in electrical circuits. * Metal rods can be used as aerials because they can absorb and transmit these oscillations
26
SP5f - What can infrared be used for?
* Heating food * Short range communication such as TV remotes * Security systems
27
SP5f - What can microwaves be used for?
* Communications and satellite transmissions * Heating up food and giving it energy
28
SP5f - What can radio waves be used for?
* Transmitting radio broadcasts * Radio communications via satellites
29
SP5f - Whay can radio waves be used for longer ranges than microwaves?
* The way radio waves and microwaves travel is dependant on the angles they reach the ionosphere. * At all angles, microwaves pass straight through and so there is maximum range they can be fired in a straight line. * At some angles, radio waves are reflected by the ionosphere, because they have larger wavelengths. * This means they don't have to be fired directly to a point
30
SP5g - Describe the greenhouse effect in terms of radiation.
* Energy from the sun is absorbed by the earth. * The earth radiates this into the atmosphere * Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb this energy keeping it in the atmosphere * This means that the earth doesn't radiate into the atmosphere the same amount of energy it absorbed * Thus the temperature of the earth rises
31
SP5g - For the earth's temperature to stay constant what must happen?
The amount of radiation it absorbs from the sun must be equal to the amount of radiation that the earth radiates into space
32
SP5g - What is the difference between a hot and cold object in terms of radiation?
* All objects emit the same amount of radiation that they absorb. * Hotter objects will emit more radiation than cold objects in the same time
33
SP5g CP - Describe an experiment to explore how different surfaces absorb and emit infrared radiation using the following surfaces: * Shiny black * Shiny silver * Dull black * Dull grey
* Pour water at 80° into four boiling tubes * Cover each with one of the surfaces * Put a thermometer in each * Time it and record the temperautre at regular intervals * The one that has the largest drop in temperature emits the most energy and thus must also absorb the most energy * You would expect the results to be from largest to smallest change: 1. Dull grey 2. Dull black 3. Shiny black 4. Shiny silver
34
SP5h - What are the uses of gamma radiation?
* Radiotherapy * Sterilisation of medical equipment and food * PET scanner
35
SP5h - What are the uses of Ultraviolet rays?
* Disinfect waters by killing microorganisms * Invisible ink due to fluoresence * Security on bank notes
36
SP5h - What are the uses of x-rays?
Imaging of the inside of the body
37
SP5i - What are the dangers of infrared radiation?
* Infrared radiation is absorbed by our body. * We feel it as heat and an excess of it can destroy cells burning skin
38
SP5i - What are the dangers of ultraviolet light?
It can cause sunburn and damage to DNA which can lead to skin cancer
39
SP5i - What are the dangers of x-rays and gamma rays?
They can lead to mutations causing cancer.
40
SP5i - Why are UV x-rays and gamma rays dangerous?
* They are ionising radiation. * They large amounts of energy due to high frequencies and short wavelengths which can pass through our skin.

Edexcel GCSE Physics (9-1) (17 decks)

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