Spaatz AE cards Flashcards
(259 cards)
1
Q
Who invented the kite?
A
Chinese
2
Q
Who invented gunpowder?
A
Chinese
3
Q
Who used gunpowder for rockets?
A
Chinese
4
Q
Where are the winged children from?
A
Greece and Rome
5
Q
Where is Pegasus, the winged horse, from?
A
Greece and Rome
6
Q
Who are the father and son who escaped from prison, made wings out of feathers and wax and the son flew too close to the son?
A
Icarus and Daedalus
7
Q
Who flew in a cage drawn by winged griffins?
A
Alexander the Great
8
Q
Who devoted his life to mysteries of flying, gave world descriptions and pictures of flying machines and his manuscripts were found and published 300 years later?
A
Leonardo da Vinci
9
Q
In 1709, who invented the hot-air balloon?
A
Laurenco de Gusmao
10
Q
In 1766, discovered flammable air (later called hydrogen).
A
Henry Cavendish
11
Q
In 1783, who demonstrated a hot-air balloon?
A
Montgolfier brothers
12
Q
In 1785, who flew across the English Channel.
A
Jean Pierre Blanchard and Dr. John Jeffries,
13
Q
In 1793, what ocurred in Philadelphia? President George Washington and thousands watched.
A
First American balloon flight
14
Q
In 1797, who made the first parachute jump from a balloon?
A
Andre-Jacques Garnerin
15
Q
First use of balloons by the United States military occurred when?
A
Civil War
16
Q
Who constructed a whirling-arm device and tested types of wings, built and flew small model gliders, the forces of lift, drag and thrust and built the first successful full-sized, manned glider?
A
George Cayley
17
Q
Who built a 440-pound, man-carrying glider with wings like a sea gull?
A
John Montgomery
18
Q
Who built single-winged and two-winged gliders?
A
Otto Lilienthal
19
Q
Who attempted to add power to a glider?
A
Samuel Pierpont Langley
20
Q
Who achieved success in controlled, sustained and powered flight?
A
The Wright Brothers
21
Q
What is the composition of air?
A
79% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% of several other gases
22
Q
How far does the atmosphere extends?
A
100 miles
23
Q
What is Standard pressure?
A
14.7 psi
24
Q
How many degrees Fahrenheit does the temperature decrease every 1,000 feet increase in altitude?
A
3.5 degrees Fahrenheit
25
What means how many molecules are squeezed into a given volume?
Density
26
What is defined as a fluid’s resistance to flow?
Viscosity
27
What is defined as the smooth pattern around a moving object?
Laminar
28
What aircraft exceeded the speed of sound on October 14, 1947
X-1
29
Who discovered the relationship between the pressure and speed of a fluid in motion?
Daniel Bernoulli
30
Bernoulli's principle states, as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure ____.
Decreases
31
What are the four forces of flight?
Lift, thrust, drag and weight
32
What are a graphical mathematical illustration showing both direction and magnitude?
Vectors
33
What opposes all motion through the atmosphere?
Drag
34
What is it called when the air next to a wing’s surface separates, it flows more slowly and loses its lift capability
Stall
35
What are the axes of an aircraft?
Longitudinal (roll), Lateral (pitch) and Vertical (yaw)
36
What are the two most common types of engines?
reciprocating and turbine
37
What is it called when the cycle begins with the piston at top center of the cylinder of a piston?
Intake stroke
38
What is it called when the crankshaft drives the piston upward in the cylinder compressing the mixture of air and fuel?
Compression stroke
39
What is it called when the compression stroke is completed and just before the piston reaches its top position, the compressed mixture is ignited by the spark plug?
Ignition and power stroke
40
What is it called when the second upward stroke, the exhaust valve is opened and the piston forces the burned gases out?
Exhaust stroke
41
What is the action end of an aircraft’s reciprocating engine?
Propeller
42
What is the engine that whirls and refers to any type of wheel device that has vanes attached to it?
Turbine engine
43
What are the four basic type of turbine engines?
Turbojet, Turbofan, Turboprop and Propfan
44
What takes a small amount of air at the intake and accelerate it to extremely high velocities through the exhaust nozzle.
Turbine Engines
45
What uses a series of fan-like compressor blades to bring air into the engine and compress it with a series of rotor and stator blades?
Turbojet Engines
46
What type of engine has one or more rows of compressor blades extending beyond the normal compressor blades?
Turbofan Engines
47
Is more air pulled into turbofan engines or turbojet engines?
Turbofan Engine
48
What combines the best features of turbojet and propeller aircraft?
Turboprop Engines
49
What type of Engine uses the force of inertia to rams air into a streamlined chamber of a fast-flying aircraft?
Ramjet
50
What are protrusions from the leading edge of a wing? They add to the induced lift of a wing.
Slats
51
What works to destroy lift? They are located somewhere on the top of the wing.
Spoilers
52
What are the three classifications of a fuselage?
truss, semimonocoque and monocoque
53
What type of landing gear consists of two wheels forward and one small wheel in the rear?
Conventional
54
What type of landing gear has a nose wheel and two wheels, one on each side, underneath where the pilot sits?
Tricycle
55
What type of landing gear has two sets of wheels located one behind the other on the fuselage?
Tandem
56
What includes everything that involves delivery of fuel to the engine of an airplane?
Fuel Systems
57
What type of fuel tank uses gravity to cause the fuel to flow from the tanks downward to the engine?
Gravity feed
58
What type of fuel tank uses a fuel pump to drive the fuel from the tanks to the engine?
Force-feed
59
What leads from each tank to distribute the fuel throughout the aircraft?
Fuel lines
60
What uses water to operate the brakes, the landing gear, move the flight controls, and extend and lower the flaps?
Hydraulic system
61
What uses electricity to operate the brakes, the landing gear, move the flight controls, and extend and lower the flaps?
Electrical Systems
62
What to of instruments work by means of direct mechanical linkage?
Mechanical instruments
63
What type of instruments use compression from fluids like air to get readings?
Pressure instruments
64
What aircraft instruments operate on the principles of electricity, including magnetism?
Electrical instruments
65
What measures speed; how fast the engine’s crankshaft is turning?
Tachometer
66
What instrument measures your height above sea level?
Altimeter
67
What instrument tells the pilot at what rate the airplane is climbing or descending?
Vertical Velocity Indicator
68
What type of transport is designed to travel at Mach 5 and greater?
Hypersonic transport
69
Who continued their experiments and perfected their aircraft? In October 1905, they flew 38 minutes and covered over 24 miles. The flight ended only when they ran out of fuel.
The Wright brothers
70
In 1907, who became the fastest man on Earth when he set the motorcycle speed record of 136.3 mph? Then he switched his interest to airplanes.
Glenn Curtiss
71
In 1908, who won the Scientific American Trophy in June Bug?
Glenn Curtiss
72
1909, who won the Gordon Bennett Trophy in Golden Flyer?
Glenn Curtiss
73
In 1910, both ____ and ____ opened flying schools.
the Wrights brothers, Glenn Curtiss
74
In 1910, who became the first president to fly?
Theodore Roosevelt
75
In 1911, William Randolph Hearst offered $50,000 for flying across the US in 30 days. Who on board the Vin Fiz Flyer completed the journey in 49 days and missed the prize money?
Calbraith Perry Rodgers
76
In 1911, who became America’s first licensed female pilot?
Harriet Quimby
77
In 1904, who built a glider and used ailerons to replace the wing-warping technique?
Robert Esnault-Pelterie
78
In 1906, who flew the first powered airplane in Europe? Two weeks later he flew 722 feet and the press reported it in a positive manner.
Alberto Santos-Dumont
79
In 1907, who built and flew the world’s first powered monoplane?
Louis Bleroit
80
In 1911, who was granted patents for the world’s first multiengine aircraft? It had two engines and three propellers and was called the Triple Twin
The Short brothers
81
In 1913, who built and flew the first four-engine aircraft? It was called the LeGrand.
Igor Sikorsky
82
In 1907, who built and flew the first helicopter that lifted man into the air?
Louis Breguet
83
1914, the first regularly scheduled airline service using heavier-than-air craft started. What was the name of this airline?
The St. Petersburg – Tampa Airboat Line
84
By the end of 1913, the US Army had ____ aircraft and ____ pilots.
19, 29
85
When did the US enter World War I?
1917
86
Who was the leading American ace of WWI with 26 kills in only five months of flying? He was the only living American to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor during WWI.
Eddie Rickenbacker
87
Who was an American aviator who got his start in WWI? He later became the leading enthusiast for aviation, air power and the airplane’s role as an offensive weapon.
Billy Mitchell
88
What are the eighteen lines going from North to South called
Lines of longitude
89
What lines on a map have 10 degrees spacing between them from the equator to the poles?
Lines of latitude
90
Where is the zero degree point for the lines of longitude? What is it called?
Greenwich, England; prime meridian
91
What is a cylindrical projection of a map?
Mercator
92
What projection places a cone over the earth and projects the meridians and parallels?
Conic
93
What is the most commonly used map chart?
Sectional aeronautical chart
94
What type of map gives important information to pilots, particularly pilots who fly small aircraft over short distances?
Sectional aeronautical chart
95
What type of charts describe elevation and are depicted by color tints, contour lines and shading?
Relief charts
96
What type of airport is unpavedand is marked as a magenta circle?
Civilian airport
97
What type of airport is depicted the same as civilian; only distinguishing feature is theabbreviation for the owning military service?
Military airport
98
What type of airport shares its runways to civilians and military?
Joint-use airports
99
What airspace is subject to control by FAA air traffic controllers?
Controlled airspace
100
What is the name of the Largest area of controlled airspace?
Continental control area
101
Most control areas are around most ____.
Airports
102
What are three-dimensional highways in the sky?
Airways
103
What is the line or series of lines that the navigator indicates the airplane will follow?
The True-course Line
104
What is the only non-electronic means the pilot has of determining the airplane’s distance over the surface?
Altimeter
105
What tells the pilot how fast the airplane is flying through the air?
True Airspeed
106
What is a measure of how fast your aircraft is going across the surface of the Earth?
Ground speed
107
What involves the systematic consideration of all factors that will and could affect the flight?
Dead reckoning
108
What is an aid to navigation because it is the pilot’s communication’s link with FAA personnel?
The Aircraft Radio
109
What is the total system that includes the airplane receivers and the ground stations working together to help the pilot navigate?
The VOR System
110
What is a complete navigation system that is used by large cargo ships and many small, privately owned sea craft? It is also used by aircraft as a means of navigation
Long-range Navigation (LORAN)
111
What consists of roughly 24 satellites in orbit around the Earth, several ground tracking stations and a receiver in the aircraft? It is used to find the aircrafts exact spot on earth.
Global Positioning System (GPS)
112
What is the military’s encoded signal for the GPS?
Precise Positioning System (PPS)
113
What is the civilian public’s signal for the GPS?
Standard Positioning System (SPS)
114
What is a computer-controlled navigation system that allows pilots to fly directly from the airport of origin to the destination airport without passing over a single VOR station?
The Area Navigation System (RNAV)
115
What is used only within a short distance from the airport and only when the purpose is to land the airplane?
The Instrument Landing System (ILS)
116
In Europe, what system is replacing the ILS? It is more efficient than the ILS
Microwave Landing System (MLS)
117
What is the name of the part of the airport that airplanes take off from?
Runway
118
What are the roads that aircraft use to get to the runway?
Taxiways
119
What are the parking lots for the aircraft?
Ramps; Hangers
120
What part of the airport gives the aircraft permission for take off and landing
Control Tower
121
What is the place where the passengers check in with their airline tickets?
Passenger Terminal
122
What were ex--military pilots who flew war-surplus planes? They flew over small towns, then landed on nearby farms, and took people for rides
Barnstormers
123
In 1924, who flew coast-to-coast, 2850 miles in 21 hours and 47 minutes?
Army Lieutenant Russell Maughan
124
Women’s Air Derby led to the formation of an association of women fliers called what? Who was the first president?
Ninety-Nines; Amelia Earhart
125
When did the Post Office Department begin airmail service?
1918
126
The first airmail route was between _____ and _____.
Washington DC; New York City
127
Who was first person to cross the Atlantic solo?
Charles Lindbergh
128
Who first woman passenger to fly the Atlantic in 1928?
Amelia Earhart
129
In 1929, who performed the first successful “blind” takeoff and landing?
James Doolittle
130
In 1927, what was formed to fly the first airmail route between Key West, Florida and Havana, Cuba?
Pan American Airways
131
Who came up with the idea of civilian-operated, Army supervised flight schools?
General Hap Arnold
132
What is the envelope of air surrounding the Earth?
Atmosphere
133
What atmospheric region is where people live and where most weather occurs? It extends to about 10 miles or 55,000 feet at the equator and to 28,000 feet at the poles.
Troposphere
134
What atmospheric region begins at about 10 miles and extends to about 30 miles?
Stratosphere
135
What atmospheric region starts at the top of the stratopause and at first shows a marked increase in temperature to 10C, then it decreases until at about 50 miles altitude the temperature drops to as low as -90C.
Mesosphere
136
What atmospheric region starts at about 50 miles and goes to about 300 miles?
Thermosphere
137
Water is found mostly in what atmospheric region?
Troposphere
138
What means that the parcel of air is holding all the water vapor it can?
Saturated
139
What is the temperature at which saturation occurs called?
Dew-point
140
What is it called when a gas is converted to a liquid?
Condensation
141
What is the process by which liquid water molecules change to a gas or water vapor?
Evaporation
142
What is the amount of water vapor or moisture in the air?
Humidity
143
Clouds, fog, dew and frost are forms of what?
Condensation
144
Rain, sleet, snow and hail are forms of what?
Precipitation
145
What is the total energy of all moving molecules within a substance?
Heat
146
What is heating by direct contact?
Conduction
147
What heat transfer by vertical motion?
Convection
148
What is heating by lateral transfer?
Advection
149
What is heating transferred by the Sun?
Radiation
150
What is a huge body of air that generally has the same temperature and moisture content with the entire mass?
Air mass
151
What are the boundaries between air masses of different characteristics?
Fronts
152
What type of front comes in and pushes the warmer air aloft and out?
cold front
153
What type of front comes in and moves over the cooler air?
Warm front
154
What is a front called when there isn’t much of a difference between the air masses and neither one will replace the other for a while?
Stationary Front
155
What type of front occurs when a warm air mass lies between two cold air masses?
Occluded
156
What are the three basic cloud type?
Cumulus, stratus and cirrus
157
What is a cloud that touches the ground?
Fog
158
What are the three stages of a thunderstorm?
Cumulus stage, mature stage and dissipating stage
159
What treaty prevented Germany from building military aircraft after WWI? However, they were allowed to build civilian aircraft, which they did.
Treaty of Versailles
160
What strategy combined planes and tanks and moved fast, capturing land or personnel quickly?
Blitzkrieg
161
What were the two aircraft battles that stopped the advancement of Japan?
Battle of Coral Sea and the Battle of Midway
162
The Chinese first used rockets when?
1220
163
Who added flight-stabilizing guide sticks to the rockets and built the first launching pad?
Colonel William Congreve
164
Who developed a technique called spin stabilization for rockets?
William Hale
165
Early in the 20th century, who conducted many rocket experiments? He was the first to use liquid propellants, which became the forerunner for today’s rockets. He is known as the father of modern rocketry.
Dr. Robert Goddard
166
What are the four major systems of a rocket?
Airframe system, Propulsion system, Guidance system and Control system
167
What is a path described by one body in its revolution about another body?
Orbit
168
What is an orbit that maintains a virtually constant altitude above the Earth’s surface?
Circular orbit
169
What is the point on the orbit where the object is the farthest away from the body being orbited
Apogee
170
What is the point where the object is the closest to the body being orbited?
Perigee
171
What means the velocity required in order to travel a certain path?
Velocity Requirements
172
What adds all velocity requirements for all stages of the mission?
Total Velocity Requirement
173
What is concerned with propelling an object from one place on Earth’s surface to another place or target on Earth’s surface?
Ballistic flight
174
The trajectory of a what rocket is straight up?
Sounding rocket
175
What is a practical method of space maneuver?
The Hohmann Transfer
176
What type of orbit keeps the satellite in an orbit stationed above one point on the Earth’s surface?
Geostationary Orbit
177
What type of orbit involves a path that crosses or nearly crosses the North and South Poles during each orbit?
Polar Orbit
178
The Cold War was between what countries?
US and the Soviet Union
179
In July 1947 with the what Act did the Air Force become a separate branch of the military?
National Security Act
180
Who designed the first turbojet engine in 1937?
Frank Whittle
181
What was the first successful military helicopter?
The Sikorsky R-4
182
When did North Korea, an ally of the Soviet Union, invade South Korea?
Jun-50
183
What was the world’s first jet turboprop airliner?
Vickers Viscount
184
By the end of the 1950s, what was the number one general aviation manufacturer?
Cessna
185
In October 1947, who penetrated the sound barrier? He flew at 670 mph at 42,000 feet.
Chuck Yeager
186
In 1953, what fighter was produced? It was the first production supersonic fighter.
F-100 Super Sabre
187
What happened in phase I of the Vietname Conflict?
US gave France $15 million to fight the spread of communism in Vietnam
188
What happened in phase II of the Vietname Conflict?
US began fighting in Vietname.
189
What happened in phase III of the Vietname Conflict?
Operation Rolling Thunder started and it lasted 3 years.
190
What happened in phase IV of the Vietname Conflict?
US started leaving Viatname when North Viatname decided to attack again. Operation Linebacker comenced and North Viatname was pushed to surrender but they didn't. Linebacker II comenced until North Viatname surrendered.
191
Why did the Cold War end?
Because the Berlin wall fell and the Soviet Union economy collapsed.
192
in August 1990, what was Operation Desert Shield?
President Bush trying to stop Iraq from defeating Kiwait over an oil dispute.
193
What were the objectives of operation desert shield?
Deter further Iraqi aggression and defend Saudi Arabia.
194
What was Operation Desert Storm?
It was the coninuation of Desert Shield and it was the start of the war with Iraq.
195
What begins where the Earth’s atmosphere leaves off?
Space
196
What is the space between the Earth and the moon called?
Cislunar Space
197
What is the space called from the center of the Sun to the orbit of its outermost planet?
Interplanetary Space
198
What is the space between the extent of one solar system, and the beginning of another solar system?
Interstellar Space
199
What is the diameter of the Sun?
864,000 miles
200
What are energetic charged particles from all over the galaxy that continuously rain down upon the Earth?
Cosmic Rays
201
What are the product of interaction between the Sun and the Earth?
Van Allen Radiation Belts
202
What is the closest planet to the Sun?
Mercury
203
What planet has a rocky crusty surface with many craters?
Mercury
204
What planet is closest to earth by distance and size?
Venus
205
What is the only planet known to rotate clockwise?
Venus
206
What planet is covered with a thick blanket of clouds made of water vapor and sulfuric acid?
Venus
207
What is the hottest planet?
Venus; 900 °F
208
How much of the Earth is covered with water?
70%
209
What planet is covered with deserts, high mountains, deep craters and huge volcanoes?
Mars
210
What is the biggest planet?
Jupiter
211
What causes high winds and giant storms on Jupiter?
The planets quick 10 hour rotation
212
How many moons does Jupiter have?
16 moons
213
What planet is known for its rings?
Saturn
214
What moon or Saturn has an atmosphere?
Titan
215
The outer layer of what planet consists of hydrogen and helium? Methane is also present in the upper atmosphere. This gives the planet a bluish greenish color
Uranus
216
What planet rotates every 18 hours and spins sideways?
Uranus
217
What planet is about 3 billion miles from the Sun?
Neptune
218
What planet is the windiest in the soler system?
Neptune
219
What planet is yellowish in color?
Pluto
220
What planet is 50%-75% rock mixed with ice?
Pluto
221
What planet's temperature varies widely because its orbit?
Pluto
222
What are rocky and metallic objects orbiting the Sun?
Asteroids
223
What is a small, irregularly shaped body whose tiny nucleus is composed of water, ice, rock and frozen gases?
Comets
224
What are bits and clumps of matter that orbit the Sun?
Meteoroids
225
When a meteoroid enters the Earth’s atmosphere it is called what?
Meteor
226
What is the name of our galaxy?
The Milky Way
227
What are stars that are not stable?
Novas
228
What occurs when a star gives up great mass in one giant explosion of light and energy?
Supernova
229
What is the name of the Air Force, Navy and NACA joint project to build an airplane that would fly at 4,500 mph and reach 250,000 feet?
X-15
230
In 1954, what was the name of the aircraft that the US wanted to build that would be a supersonic replacement for the B-52? It was later canceled.
XB-70
231
In 1954, what aircraft did Boeing unveil?
Boeing 707
232
In 1954, Douglas introduced what aircraft?
DC-8
233
In 1963, Boeing introduced what aircraft?
Boeing 727
234
In 1966, Boeing introduced what aircraft?
Boeing 747
235
In 1949, the who exploded its first atom bomb?
Soviet Union
236
What is the name of the first artificial satellite?
Sputnik 1
237
On December 6, 1957, the US launched what satillite? What happened to it?
Vanguard; It exploded
238
What was America's first satillite launch?
Explorer 1
239
When was NASA established?
1958
240
What are the four catgories of satillites?
communication, navigation, observation and scientific
241
What does INTELSAT stand for? What is the purpose of this organization?
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization; It links the world's telecommunications networks together via a global satellite system of geostationary satellites
242
Galaxy 1 was dedicated to distributing what?
Cable television programming
243
What does TDRSS stand for? It is designed to provide what for the Space Shuttle and up to 25 other NASA low-Earth-orbiting spacecraft?
Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System; simultaneous full-time coverage
244
What was the purpose of TRANSIT?
It was designed to update the inertial navigation system on Polaris submarines
245
TIMATION is used for what?
Determining longitude and latitude
246
NAVSTAR GPS is used for what?
It provides navigation and timing information
247
What was the first weather satellite?
Tiros 1
248
What spacecraft flies by, orbits or lands on a celestial body, other than Earth?
Probe
249
What satillites provided the first close-up pictures of the Moon?
Rangers
250
What was the name of America's first manned space flight program?
Project Mercury
251
Who was the first American in space?
Alan Shepard
252
Who was the first American to orbit the Earth?
John Glenn
253
What space project improved techniques needed for a lunar mission, put two persons in space, rendezvous and dock with another spacecraft, and achieved the first walk in space?
Project Gemini
254
What project had the objective of putting a man on the moon?
Project Apollo
255
Who was the first man to walk on the Moon?
Neil Armstrong
256
what provides a system for transportation into space and a return back to Earth and be used again?
Space Shuttle
257
Who was the first man in space?
Major Yuri Gagarin
258
Who was the first person to walk in space?
Alexei Leonov
259
What space lab provides a permanent laboratory where gravity, temperature and pressure can be manipulated to achieve a variety of scientific and engineering pursuits that are impossible in ground-based laboratories?
International Space Station
