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SPAATZ AEROSPACE > SPAATZ AEROSPACE 21,23,24 > Flashcards

SPAATZ AEROSPACE 21,23,24 Flashcards

(106 cards)

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1
Q

Based on the propelling of a vehicle by a reactive force

A

Rocketry

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2
Q

Rocket engine does not use … a jet engine does

A

Air

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3
Q

Rockets were first used by the _______ in 1220

A

Chinese

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4
Q

Devised a rocket that was propelled by gunpowder

A

Konrad Kyeser von Eichstadt

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5
Q

Experimented with rockets weighing over 100
pounds

A

Christopher Friedrich von Geissler

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6
Q

He standardized the composition of gunpowder explosives, added flight-stabilizing guide sticks and built the first viable launching pad. Increased range of rockets

A

Colonel William Congreve

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7
Q

Made spin stabilization

A

William Hale

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8
Q

Made the first computations for rocket flights into space

A

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky

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9
Q

Rockets were used to carry signal flares to light up the battlefield at night and to carry messages

A

World War 1

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10
Q

First scientist to use liquid propellants (liquid oxygen and gasoline) in a rocket. He also developed mechanisms for correcting deviations from planned flight paths

A

Dr. Robert H. Goddard

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11
Q

The term used to describe the force of attraction that exists between all matter within the universe

A

Gravity

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12
Q

Experimented on gravity by dropping a solid iron ball from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. His experiments illustrated that objects of varying weight will strike the ground at the same time if they are released simultaneously and from the same height

A

Galileo

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13
Q

The tendency of a rotating body to move away from its center of rotation. EX: moon and earth

A

Centrifugal effect

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14
Q

Defines the relationship of force, weight and mass. This law states that two bodies attract each other with a force directly proportional to their mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

A

Newtons law of universal gravitation

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15
Q

Mass enables matter to

A

Occupy space

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16
Q

A body in a state of rest and a body in motion tend to remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by some outside force

A

Newtons first law

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17
Q

The rate of change in the momentum of a body is proportional to the force acting upon the body and is in the direction of the force

A

Newtons second law

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18
Q

To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

A

Newtons third law

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19
Q

When launching a rocket vertically, the propulsion system must produce enough force (thrust) to overcome the inertia of the launch vehicle-Which one of Newtons laws

A

First

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20
Q

Large rockets liftoff their launch pads. At the moment of liftoff, the total mass (or weight) of the rocket is only slightly less than the force being produced by the engines. However, every second the rocket’s mass is being decreased by burning and expelling the rocket propellant as thrust-Which one of Newtons laws

A

Second

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21
Q

Heart of rocketry The thrust (forward
motion or push) produced is a reactive force acting in a direction opposite to the direction of the exhaust-Which one of Newtons laws

A

Third

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22
Q

Systems of a rocket

A

Airframe system
Propulsion System
Guidance System
Control System

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23
Q

What the rocket is carrying

A

Payload

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24
Q

Serves to contain the other systems and to
provide the streamlined shape

A

Airframe system

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25
Includes the propellant used, the containers for the propellant, all plumbing that may be required to get the propellant from the containers to the engine, and the rocket engine itself. In other words, everything directly associated with propelling the rocket
Propulsion System
26
A self-contained electronic unit that employs a computer and an inertial platform and may also have a star-tracking unit for space navigation
Guidance System
27
Carries out the flight path
Control System
28
Means thrust and is the measure of how much thrust will be obtained from a propellant
Impulse
29
The number of pounds of thrust delivered by consuming one pound of propellant (oxidizer/fuel mixture) in one second
Specific impulse
30
What the number of Isp represents
Represents the seconds during which 1 pound of thrust could be provided by burning 1 pound of propellant
31
Built first launching pad
William Hale
32
Used more powerful liquid propellants
Dr. Hermann Oberth
33
The product of mass and velocity
Momentum
34
The cause of motion
Force
35
Rate a body moves when force is applied
Velocity
36
Application of force over time
Acceleration
37
A path described by one body in its revolution about another body
Orbit
38
Property that causes a body at rest to remain at rest and, a body in motion to remain in motion in a straight line at a constant velocity
Inertia
39
Path of a body through space
Trajectory
40
A trajectory that does not result in an orbit
Closed trajectory
41
An orbit that maintains a virtually constant altitude above the Earth's surface
Circular orbit
42
Any closed orbit that is not circular. All elliptical orbits around Earth have an apogee and a perigee
Elliptical orbit
43
The satellite travels from west to east over the Earth's equator. Some satellite orbits incline to the Equator a certain number of degrees
Equatorial orbit
44
In launching a spacecraft to the Moon or to another heavenly body, it is necessary to accelerate the spacecraft to its escape velocity (about 25,000 mph). The velocity of the spacecraft is so high and the inertia is so great that the spacecraft comes under the influence of another body's gravity before it reaches its apogee
Escape trajectory
45
That point in the orbital trajectory or flight path where the orbiting body is most distant from the body being orbited
Apogee
46
That point where the orbiting body is closest to the body being orbited
Perigee
47
Means the velocity required in order to travel a certain path
Velocity requirment
48
In space how fast you go determines...
Where you go
49
At the moment a rocket engine ceases to produce thrust
BURNOUT!!!!!!!!!
50
The velocity that is required to place a spacecraft on its intended trajectory must be attained at...
Burnout
51
Represents the adding together of all the velocity requirements for all stages of the mission
Total velocity
52
The study of the arc of a nonorbiting body
Ballistics
53
Primarily concerned with propelling an object from one place on Earth's surface to another place or target on Earth's surface
Ballistics
54
The route of its trajectory projected downward and plotted on the surface of the Earth
Ground track
55
Trajectory of a sounding rocket
Straight up
56
Old term associated with measuring or sampling the depths of a body of water
Sounding
57
Rocket sent into, or even beyond the atmosphere, on a one-way trip to gather information
Sounding rocket
58
Published a scientific paper on the most economical way to boost a satellite into a chosen circular orbit
Walter Hohmann
59
The vehicle is first placed in a low-elliptical parking orbit. When the vehicle swings around to perigee, sufficient thrust is applied to push the vehicle to apogee at the desired altitude
Hohmann transfer
60
The satellite is in an equatorial orbit at a distance where the satellite's period of revolution is the same as the Earth's period of rotation—24 hours
Geostationary orbit
61
Involves a path that crosses or nearly crosses the North and South Poles during each orbit
Polar orbit
62
This is another form of polar orbit that keeps a satellite exposed to constant sunlight
Sunsynchronous Orbit
63
A type of power plant that is used to propel something (payload)
Rocket
64
A rocket-propelled vehicle with a weapon or warhead as the payload
Missile
65
Only reusable launch vehicle
Space shuttle
66
To take advantage of the speed from Earth's rotation, rockets should be fired to the...
East
67
Chance to photograph entire surface
Polar orbit
68
A place which extends infinitely in all directions and contains all the stars, planets and galaxies in the universe
Space
69
Air Force and NASA define space starting at
50 miles
70
Point at which an orbiting object will stay in orbit
80 miles
71
The space between the Earth and the Moon
Cislunar space
72
Measured from the center of the Sun to the orbit of its outermost planet
Interplanetary space
73
The distance between the extent of one solar system, and the beginning of another solar system
Intersteller space
74
The distance a photon can travel in one of Earth's calendar years
Light year
75
3.26 light years
Parsec
76
The force at the center of our solar system
Sun
77
The nuclear fusion of atoms under pressure and heat into different atoms
Thermonuclear reaction
78
Scientists now know that the Sun's magnetic field has a memory and returns to approximately the same configuration of each...
11-year solar cycle
79
Composed of charged particles ejected from the Sun that flow continuously through interplanetary space. Steady emissions made up of many different types of atoms and ions
Solar wind
80
Solar atmosphere consist of
Photosphere Chromosphere Corona
81
The portion of the Sun which gives light is a very thin shell called the
Photosphere
82
A phenomena associated with the photosphere. These spots are enormous areas where the photosphere is dark—somewhat like looking into a hole through the photosphere
Sunspots
83
Above the photosphere. It is characterized by spicules that apparently jet straight up from the area of the granules described above
Chromosphere
84
An enormous area of faint white light that visibly extends outward from the Sun's surface
Carona
85
Observed the Sun in its quietest state in 1996 and will continue in operation to 2003, which will provide the opportunity for it to observe the Sun at its most tumultuous
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
86
Flashes brilliant colors in varying patterns across the northern skies
Aurora borealis (or northern lights)
87
Part of the atmosphere divided by its electrical activity. It gets its name from the gas particles that are ionized or charged
Ionosphere
88
Contains almost all of its mass in a central body or nucleus, which is a tight cluster of smaller particles called neutrons and protons
Atom
89
An atom that carries a positive or negative electrical charge as a result of losing or gaining one or more electrons
Ion
90
Region of the Earth's atmosphere where ionized gas plays a big part in the dynamics of the atmosphere and where the geomagnetic field plays an important role
Magnetosphere
91
Energetic charged particles from all over the galaxy and beyond continuously rain down upon the Earth. These atomic particles, mostly electrons and the nuclei of atoms, are called
Cosmic rays
92
What causes Van Allen Belts
Sun
93
Characterized by a sudden onset of radiation bursts in which the magnetic field undergoes marked changes in the course of an hour or less
Magnetic Storms
94
Interfere with the reflectivity of the ionosphere and cause it to actually absorb radio transmissions rather than reflect them
Magnetic Storms
95
When the solar disturbances are observable only in the polar areas
Polar Magnetic Storms
96
Very effective at blocking radiation from reaching the Earth
Ozone
97
Oxygen atoms find each other and form groups of three
Ozone
98
Occurs when moving parts fit with only a tiny air space between them
Cold welding
99
Occurs when one part of a spacecraft gets charged and has a different charge than another part of the craft
Differential charging
100
Areas of lower density in the Sun's "crown"
Corona holes
101
Hair-like phenomena that characterizes the chromosphere
Spicules
102
Non-cyclic eruptions that can harm space assets
Solar flares
103
There are ... other solar systems in our galaxy
100 Billion
104
How many light years to travel to next solar system
4
105
when tiny bubbles of gas escape from the materials of the spacecraft due to the vacumm of space
Outgassing
106
Rockets were first attached to aircraft in
World War 1

SPAATZ AEROSPACE (6 decks)

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