space

Question 1

what is our solar system made up of

Answer 1

the sun
8 planets 
dwarf planets 
asteroids 
comets 
moons

Question 2

where is the sun located

Answer 2

in the Milky Way

Question 3

how are the nuclei for naturally occurring elements formed

Answer 3

nuclear fusion in stars

Question 4

what forms helium nuclei

Answer 4

hydrogen nuclei fused together

Question 5

what is a planet

Answer 5

an object that orbits a star

Question 6

what is a moon

Answer 6

a natural satellite that orbits planets

Question 7

what is a dwarf planet

Answer 7

an object that is smaller then normal planets but still orbits a star

Question 8

what is an asteroid

Answer 8

a cluster of rock

Question 9

what is a comet

Answer 9

a object made from ice, matter and dust with an irregular orbit

Question 10

what is an orbit

Answer 10

a circular path around the sun which shape is caused by the gravity which is the same strength the whole way round

Question 11

what is a black hole

Answer 11

something that light cannot escape

Question 12

what is a galaxy

Answer 12

a cluster of millions of stars

Question 13

what is an exoplanet

Answer 13

planets that orbit other stars

Question 14

what is the name of our galaxy

Answer 14

the Milky Way

Question 15

where are other small nuclei formed

Answer 15

in stars with large masses

Question 16

in what process is helium , lithium and other small nuclei fused together to form larger nuclei

Answer 16

when a star becomes a red giant or red supergiant

Question 17

how are elements heavier than iron formed , why

Answer 17

when a massive star explodes in supernova because these elements require more energy to be produced

Question 18

how are elements distributed throughout the universe

Answer 18

when massive stars go into supernova

Question 19

what is the lifecycle of a star from nebula to main sequence star

Answer 19

• • a Nebula – is a cloud of dust and gas
    
    • gravitational attraction between particles of dust and gas to merge together this forms a
• -Protostar
  
  • the protostar becomes denser as gravitational forces continue to pull it together, this means there’s more frequent collisions of particles
  • more energy from gravitational potential store of the particles transfers to the thermal energy store of the protostar so the protostar becomes hotter
  • when temp is hot enough nuclear fusion begins so hydrogen nuclei fuse to produce helium nuclei
  • nuclear fusion reactions release lots of energy so protostar becomes a
• -Main Sequence Star
  
  • the main sequence star is stable because the fusion reactions produce outwards forces which are in equilibrium with the gravitational potential forces pulling the star inwards

Question 20

what is the lifecycle of a star smaller or about the same size as our sun from main sequence to black dwarf

Answer 20

• -Main sequence star
  
  • when fusion of hydrogen stops fusion of helium begins to make heavier elements
• • Red giant
  • all fusion stops
• -White dwarf- glowing because star is still hot
  
  • star cools down
• -Black dwarf

Question 21

what is the lifecycle of a star heavier then our sun - from main sequence to black hole / neutron star

Answer 21

• -Main sequence star
  
  • when fusion of hydrogen stops fusion of helium begins
• • Red Super Giant
  • fusion of increasingly heavier elements up until iron
  • fusion stops
• • Supernova of red super giant
• -really massive stars become a Black Hole
• • bigger then sun but not massive stars become a Neutron Star

Question 22

what is continually changing when an object is moving in a circle, what does this mean

Answer 22

its direction which means its also has a constantly changing velocity ( but not speed) so it must be constantly accelerating and therefor have a resultant force acting upon it

Question 23

what is the name of the resultant force acting on objects in a circular orbit

Answer 23

centripetal force

Question 24

where is the centripetal force directed on the object and what does this mean

Answer 24

directed towards the centre of the object so that the acceleration of the object is also directed towards the centre

Question 25

what provides the resultant force o planets and satellites to keep them in circular orbit

Answer 25

gravity

Question 26

what position is the direction of velocity and direction of the resultant force ,of an objection cir ocular orbit, to one another what does this mean

Answer 26

direction of velocity is at right angles to the direction of the resultant force therefore the force doesn't cause the object to speed up it just changes its direction

Question 27

how does an object stay in a stable orbit at a fixed distance from a larger object

Answer 27

the smaller object must move at a particular speed

Question 28

when does the radius of an orbit change

Answer 28

when the speed of an object in a stable orbit changes

Question 29

what is the relationship between the radius of the orbit and speed of the object in orbit

Answer 29

the slower the speed of an object the bigger the radius of the circle it moves in

Question 30

what is red shift

Answer 30

the effect that makes wave lengths of light longer if the light source is moving away from the observer

Question 31

what have scientists observed about the light coming from distant galaxies

Answer 31

that it has longer waves than expected so is red shifted

Question 32

what does the red shifted galaxies suggest

Answer 32

that these galaxies are moving away from us

Question 33

what does red shift tell us and why

Answer 33

that the universe is expanding because the longer the wave length the further away the planet is and the more red shifted a planet is the faster the planet is moving away from earth

Question 34

what have scientists observed since 1998 and what does this suggest

Answer 34

light from supernovae which shows galaxies are moving away faster and faster suggesting that space is expanding at an increasingly faster rate

Question 35

what evidence is there to support the Big Bang theory

Answer 35

red shift and electromagnetic radiation which was produced after the Big Bang

Question 36

what does the Big Bang suggest

Answer 36

that the universe started as a extremely hot, dense, small object that exploded

Question 37

what is dark energy possibly responsible for

Answer 37

the acceleration of the expansion of the universe

Question 38

what is dark matter possibly responsible for

Answer 38

providing the gravitational force holding galaxies together