Space

Question 1

What is the universe made up of?

Answer 1

Billions of galaxies

Question 2

What does each galaxy contain?

Answer 2

Hundreds of millions of stars

Question 3

What part of the galaxy is the solar system a part of?

Answer 3

Our solar system is a tiny part of the milky way galaxy

Question 4

What is the solar system made up of?

Answer 4

●One star (the sun)
●Planets and dwarf planets (orbit sun)
●Asteroids and comets (orbit sun)
●Moons that orbit planets (called natural satellites)

Question 5

What is a nebula?

Answer 5

Cloud of dust and gas

Question 6

How was the sun formed?

Answer 6

The sun was formed from a nebula (cloud of dust and gas) which was pulled together by gravitational attraction

Question 7

What happened when the sun was forming?

Answer 7

As the dust and gas were drawn together they collided increasing the temperature and creating a protostar

Question 8

What happened after the protostar was formed?

Answer 8

More and more material was drawn together by gravity, these collisions increased until the temperature and pressure was high enough for hydrogen nuclei to fuse together forming helium and a main sequence star

Question 9

How does the core of the sun stay hot?

Answer 9

Energy released by nuclear fusion keeps the core of the sun hot

Question 10

What happened to the material that was not drawn into the sun when the solar system was forming?

Answer 10

The material remained in orbit around the new star (Sun) and formed the planets and other objects in our solar system

Question 11

Is the sun still in its main sequence?

Answer 11

Yes, (main sequence= nuclear fusion, fusing hydrogen nuclei to form helium nuclei)

Question 12

What is the sun’s stability due to?

Answer 12

*Fusion energy trying to expand the sun
*Gravity acting inwards trying to collapse the sun

Question 13

What is life cycle of stars determined by?

Answer 13

Size

Question 14

What happens to some of the different sized stars in their life cycle?

Answer 14

🌟 Small stars (like sun) end up as black dwarf stars
🌟Larger starsbecome neutron stars
🌟Largest stars become black holes

Question 15

All stars began the same way as the sun, explain the process?

Answer 15

Clouds of dust and gas are drawn together by gravity to form a protostar and eventually a main sequence star

Question 16

In the main sequence of a star, hydrogen fuses to create helium (like the sun) but what do larger stars create?

Answer 16

Lithium not helium

Question 17

Where are elements heavier than iron produced ?

Answer 17

ONLY in a SUPERNOVA

Question 18

Explain how the stars the same size as the sun change/age?

Answer 18

1) Main sequence star
2) Hydrogen begins to run out
3) Outward force due to fusion energy is less than the inward force due to gravity
4) Causes star to collapse inwards, temperature increase
5) Now helium nuclei fuse to create heavier elements
6) Star expands to form a red giant
7) Red giant stops fusing helium
8) Star shrinks = white dwarf
9) White dwarf, no fusion, cools
10) Stops releasing any energy, forms black dwarf

Question 19

Explain the life cycle of stars larger than the sun?

Answer 19

1) Star runs out of hydrogen, leaves main sequence
2) Expand into red super giant
3) Helium nuclei fuse, produce heavier elements
4) Red super giant stops fusion
5) Star explodes, explosion=supernova
6) Temperature of supernova is high enough to produce elements heavier than iron
7) Elements distributed into universe
8) Remains of supernova are neutron Star and black hole

Question 20

A supernova produces a neutron star, what is a neutron star?

Answer 20

Neutrons densely packed together

Question 21

A supernova also produces a black hole, what is a black hole?

Answer 21

Has such a large gravity than nothing can escape it not even light!

Question 22

What was the only element in the universe before stars?

Answer 22

Hydrogen

Question 23

How was all the elements in the periodic table created?

Answer 23

Fusion processes in stars

Question 24

What elements can stars fuse to create?

Answer 24

Can fuse up to and including iron

Question 25

What do planets orbit?

Answer 25

The sun

Question 26

What is an artificial satellite?

Answer 26

Moons are natural satellites, artificial satellites are man-made which orbit the earth

Question 27

What is the use of artificial satellites?

Answer 27

Satellite TV and GPS systems

Question 28

How do satellites and planets maintain circulation orbits?

Answer 28

Force of gravity

Question 29

What is needed for an object to travel in a circular path?

Answer 29

There needs to be a force that acts towards the centre of the circle

Question 30

For planets and satellites what is it that acts towards the centre so the object can travel in a circular path?

Answer 30

Force of gravity

Question 31

What does an unbalanced force result in?

Answer 31

Acceleration towards the center

Question 32

When an object undergoes circular motion what happens to acceleration?

Answer 32

*Acceleration doesn't cause object to change speed *Acceleration causes object to change direction

Question 33

What happens to velocity when undergoing circular motion?

Answer 33

Velocity changes (vector quantity so has size and direction) but speed remains the same (scalar quantity so only has size)

Question 34

What happens to instantaneous velocity (rate of change of position for a small time interval) when an object undergoes circular motion?

Answer 34

Instantaneous velocity is perpendicular (right angle) to the centripetal (moving towards center) force

Question 35

As an object orbits, the force of gravity pulls the object in a curved path, what does this create?

Answer 35

Creates a centripetal (moving towards centre ) force

Question 36

What happens if you change thr speed of an object when it's in orbit?

Answer 36

Cause it's orbit to change or cause it's orbit to fail

Question 37

What is happens when an orbit fails?

Answer 37

Spin off into space pr crash onto object it is orbiting

Question 38

What is needed for an object to stay in a stable orbit at a particular distance from a large body (3D object) ?

Answer 38

To stay in a stable orbit, at a particular distance from a large body (3D object) THE SMALLER BODY MUST MOVE AT A PARRICULAR SPEED

Question 39

What needs to change when speed changes?

Answer 39

If speed changes, RADIUS of the orbit must also change

Question 40

For a stable orbit, the greater the radius, what happens to the speed?

Answer 40

The slower the speed

Question 41

What happens when a source of waves is moving the waves it produces are?

Answer 41

*Squashed together as it moves towards a detector, reducing the detected wavelength *Spread apart as it moves away from a detector increasing the decetred wavelength *Known as the dopler effect

Question 42

Where is the doppler effect noticeable?

Answer 42

Noticeable with sound waves made from cars, pitch seems to change if the car is travelling towards or away from the observer

Question 43

What happens when a source of light is moving away from an observer?

Answer 43

The wavelength becomes longer and therfore redder

Question 44

What happens the faster the source is moving away from an observer?

Answer 44

^The greater the observed increase in wavelength ^Greater the red shift

Question 45

What is red shift?

Answer 45

Observed increase in the wavelength of light from distant galaxies, towards the red end of the spectrum

Question 46

What does red shift tell us?

Answer 46

That galaxies are moving away from each other

Question 47

What does red shift tell us?

Answer 47

Red shift tells us that GALAXIES ARE MOVING AWAY FROM EACH OTHER,

Question 48

What happens when galaxies are moving away?

Answer 48

Light waves are atretched/wavelength is increased

Question 49

Do galaxies that are further away have a bigger or smaller red shift?

Answer 49

Galaxies that are further away have A BIGGER RED SHIFT

Question 50

If galaxies have a bigger red shift, are they moving away faster or slower?

Answer 50

THEY ARE MOVING AWAY FASTER

Question 51

Do very distant galaxies have a very large or small red shift?

Answer 51

VERY LARGR RED SHIFT

Question 52

Are very distant galaxies moving away very fast or very slow?

Answer 52

VERY FAST

Question 53

How do scientists believe the universe began?

Answer 53

FROM A VERY SMALL REGION THAT WAS EXTREMELY HOT AND DENSE which expanded into the universe we see today

Question 54

What is the name given to the way scientist believe the world started?

Answer 54

THE BIG BANG THEORY

Question 55

What did astronomers assume would cause universe expansion to slow down?

Answer 55

GRAVITY

Question 56

What did Supernovae show what was happening to the universe?

Answer 56

EXPANSION RATE WAS INCREASING

Question 57

How did scientist explain how the universe is expanding?

Answer 57

Suggested UNIVERSE CONTAINS MATTER AND ENERGY WE CANT DETECT, DARK ENERGY AND DARK MATTER

Question 58

What theory do red shift observations support?

Answer 58

red shift observations provide evidence that the universe is expanding and supports THE BIG BANG THEORY