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Science (Grade 9) > Space > Flashcards

Space Flashcards

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1
Q

Largest to Smallest

A 
Universe
Supercluster
Group or Cluster
Galaxy 
Star
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2
Q

Universe

A

Everything that physically exists: the entirety of space and time, and all forms of matter and energy

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3
Q

Supercluster

A

A gigantic cluster of 4-25 groups or clusters that are hundreds of millions of light years in size

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4
Q

Group or Cluster

A

As little as 20-3- galaxies or as large as several thousands galaxies (Clusters are more massive than groups)

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5
Q

Galaxy

A

a collection of stars, planets, gas, and dust that is held together by the galaxy

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6
Q

Solar System

A

the sun with all the planets and other celestial objects (moons, comets, asteroids) that are held by the sun’s gravity and orbit around it

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7
Q

Celestial Object

A

Any object that exists in space

stars, asteroids, moon, planet, etc.

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8
Q

Solar System Members

A

Star (Sun)
Planets (Inner Planets/Outer Planets)
Dwarf Planet
Small Solar System Bodies

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9
Q

Star

A

a hot ball of gases that gives off a large amount of energy

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10
Q

Planet

A

a celestial body that

  • orbits a star
  • has enough mass so that its gravity pulls it into a round or spherical shape
  • clears other celestial objects out of its orbit
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11
Q

Inner Planets

A

Rocky (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars)

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12
Q

Outer Planets

A

Gaseous (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)

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13
Q

Dwarf Planet

A

a spherical or round object that

  • orbits the sun
  • has enough mass to assume a nearly spherical shape
  • has not cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit
  • is not a moon
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14
Q

Small Solar System Bodies

A

asteroids, comets, Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud

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15
Q

Asteroids

A
  • left over from the formation of the solar system
  • originate from Asteroid Belt
  • made up of metals and rocky material
  • irregular shapes and different sizes
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16
Q

Asteroid Belt

A

a region of rocky debris that forms a ring around the Sun, between Mars and Jupiter

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17
Q

Meteoroids

A
  • pieces of rock moving through space

- chunks that have broken off asteroids and planets

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18
Q

Meteors

A
  • meteoroids that hit the Earth’s atmosphere

- burn up due to friction with atmosphere

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19
Q

Meteorites

A

large meteors that reach the ground without burning up

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20
Q

Comets

A
  • originated from Kuiper Belt or Oort Cloud
  • eliptical orbit
  • ice, dust, rocky material
  • when close to sun, will vaporize ice on comet
  • release of dust and gas creates the comet tail
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21
Q

Trans Neptunian Objects

A

objects that circle the Sun beyond the orbit of Neptune

located in Kuiper Belt

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22
Q

Kuiper Belt

A

a disc shape region of icy objects beyond the orbit of Neptune
-made of material left over from the formation of the solar system

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23
Q

Oort Cloud

A

spherical cloud of icy fragments of debris at the edge of the solar system

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24
Q

Astronomical Unit (AU)

A

average distance between the Earth and Sun

1AU= 150 000 000 km

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25
Light Years
distance light travels in 1 year 1 Light year= 9500 000 000 000 km 1 Light year= 63 241 AU
26
Why are outer planets the larger planets?
planet is mostly gas and turns to ice, making it bigger
27
Order of planets from the Sun?
``` MVEMJSUN Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune ```
28
Star Properties
Luminosity, Colour, Surface Temperature, Mass
29
Luminosity (Star)
Measure the total amount of energy it radiates per second Brightness of stars Sun=1
30
Colour (Star)
determine stars surface temperature Blue, Red, Yellow Blue= Hot Red= Cooler
31
Surface Temperature (Star)
3000C- RED | 18000C- BLUE
32
Mass (Star)
1. Low Mass, Intermediate Mass, High Mass | 2. Solar Mass
33
Life Cycle of Star
``` (depends on when the star was originally formed) Red Dwarf Red Giant White Dwarf Black Dwarf Neutron Star Black Hole ```
34
Red Dwarf
low mass star
35
Red Giant
dying star that becomes large in diameter and cool on surface
36
White Dwarf
small, dim, hot star
37
Black Dwarf
a white dwarf that runs out of heat and energy
38
Neutron Star
a dense star that only has neutrons in core
39
Black Hole
region where gravitational force is so strong where nothing can escape it
40
Hertspurng-Russell Diagram
shows the trends in the evolution of stars y axis: luminosity x axis: surface temperature and colour
41
Main Sequence Stars
central band of stars stretching from upper left to lower right. - stable, main part of their life cycle
42
Solar Nebula Theory
1. about 5 billion years ago, a massive cloud of gas and dust (nebula) began to form masses 2. temperature and pressure in the centre of the mass increases 3. Centre becomes a protostar (hot and condensed object) 4. Nuclear fusion occurs between hydrogen nuclei in center 5. Sun began to form 6. Remaining materials around Sun lump to form planets
43
Sun's Layers
``` Core Radiative Zone Convective Zone Photoshpere Chromosphere Corona ```
44
Core
Inner part, high pressure and temperature
45
Radiative Zone
all energy is carried outwards by radiation in all directions
46
Convective Zone
hot plasma rises, carrying energy towards surface | - constant circulation of plasma is called convection
47
Photosphere
Photo meaning light, visible surface - part of the sun we see - sends light and heat - sunspots on this layer
48
Chromosphere
Chromo meaning coloured
49
Corona
Outermost layer
50
Sunspot
area of strong magnetic field on Sun's surface (photosphere)
51
Prominence
a slow, low, energy ejection of gases from photosphere and forms a loop outwards into atmosphere
52
Solar Flare
intense ejection of high energy charged particles
53
Coronal Mass Ejection
large clouds of extremely high speed charged particles erupted from corona into space
54
Solar Wind
steady stream of high speed charged subatomic particles - affects flight paths and damages electronic equipment - disrupts/damages power grids, satellites - creates aurora borealis and aurora australis
55
What is a star called during its earliest stage of formation?
protostar
56
What is Earth's 2 types of motion?
Rotation around its axis | Revolution around Sun
57
What is Moon's 2 types of motion?
Rotation around axis | Revolution around Earth
58
Stages of the Moon
``` First Quarter Waxing Crescent New Moon Waning Cresecent Third Quarter Waning Gibbous Full Moon Waxing Gibbous ```
59
Lunar Eclipse
when Earth's shadow covers the Moon | only happens during full moon
60
Solar Eclipse
when Moon's shadow covers the Earth | only happens during new moon
61
Umbra
region of complete shadow, which a complete eclipse will occur
62
Penumbra
a fringe region of partial shadow, which a partial eclipse will occur
63
Tides
caused by gravitation force large object attracts water closer to it, making tide higher Every day= 2 high tides and 2 low tides
64
Why do we only see one side of the moon?
the moon rotates once while it completes one orbit around Earth
65
Summer in northern hemisphere
Earth is tilted TOWARDS the Sun
66
Winter in northern hemisphere
Earth is tilted AWAY from the Sun
67
Direct Benefits of Space Research and Exploration
learn about the universe | national pride
68
Indirect Benefits of Space Research and Exploration
``` communication: artificial satellite tracking device robotic technology imaging consumer goods ```
69
Costs of Space Research and Exploration
Space Junk Human Cost Very Expensive
70
Issues of Space Research and Exploration
``` political issues (who owns space) ethical issues (more important to explore space than to feed people?) environmental issues (sustainable use of space and its resources?) ```
71
Artificial Satellite
device placed in orbit by humans around Earth or other celestial object to allow radio, TV, phone and internet signals to be transmitted through space
72
Effects of Space on Unprotected Human Body
Breathing Blood and Body Fluids Body Temperature Solar Radiation
73
Breathing Effects
due to lack of pressure, oxygen would quickly be used up | after 9-12 seconds you would pass out
74
Blood and Body Fluids Effects
fluids may be boiled due to vacuum | body might be expanded to twice its size due to effect
75
Body Temperature Effects
although its cold in space, it would take time before your body cooled frost can occur on limbs
76
Solar Radiation
can cause sunburn effects | skin can even burn within seconds

Science (Grade 9) (2 decks)

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