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BMS: Physiology in the extreme > Space Suits > Flashcards

Flashcards in Space Suits Deck (26)
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1
Q

pressure garments:

A

Space suits

2
Q

Functions of a space suit

A
  • supply O2, remove CO2
  • thermoregulation
  • counter pressure
  • micrometeoroids protection
  • radiation protection
3
Q

Supply oxygen and remove CO2:

A
  • lithium hydroxide canister to absorb CO2

- less than 15 sec survival without O2

4
Q

Thermoregulation:

A
  • can range from 120 celsius to minus 200 celsius in space

- reason suit is white inside , to reflect suns heat but black inside to keep heat in

5
Q

Counter pressure:

A
  • cold boiling
  • no atmosphere so boil at any temperature
  • avoid body fluid boiling pump air into suit to add pressure
6
Q

cold boiling =

A

-endothermic process = reduction in temperature

when atmosphere pressure = vapour pressure

7
Q

micrometeoroid protection:

A
  • sand grains faster than a high velocity rifle bullet
  • 10 k/s
  • external layer of suit contains layers of Kevlar for micrometeoroid protection
8
Q

radiation protection:

A
  • X-rays, gamma rays, solar wind

- orientate spacecraft so thickest part faces sun

9
Q

where do you find hard vacuum

A

outer space

-almost perfect but still some atoms still present (hydrogen)

10
Q

Effects of exposure to hard vacuum

A
  • brief survival
  • expansion of skin as gases expand
  • pneumothorax if breath held in
  • ‘cold boiling’ of body fluids
11
Q

pneumothorax =

A
  • collapsed lung
  • occurs when air leaks into the space between your lung and chest wall. This air pushes on the outside of your lung and makes it collapse.
12
Q

Helmets function:

A

provides pressure integrity to the head where most of the special sensors are located
-VISOR protects from UV light

13
Q

pressure garments effect on mobility

A

causes mobility issues thus reduced pressure

-15lbs/inch2 on earth, suit = 2lbs/inch2 with 100% O2

14
Q

outer protection of suit:

A
  • external layer = white for thermal control
  • made of woven glass called BETA CLOTH-FIRE-PROOF, insulating MYLAR (gold foil) NYLON and kevlar for micrometeoroid protection
15
Q

Regolith:

A
  • lunar regolith = moon sand
  • jaggered and sharp very abbressive
  • concerns similar to asbestos (get into lungs, lung cancer)
16
Q

future suits:

A

likely to use elastic and not air to add pressure ‘soft suit’

17
Q

skeletal muscle fibres 3 types

A
  • Type 1: Slow twitch
  • Type IIA: Fast twitch
  • Type IIx: fast twitch
18
Q

skeletal muscle fibres 3 types: Type 1

A
  • Slow twitch (marathon runner)
  • slow oxidative
  • High myoglobin
  • high mitochondria
  • higly vascular
  • ->
  • slow rate of contraction
  • fatigue resistant/red colour
  • slow ATP breakdown
  • manufacture ATP by oxidative metabolism
19
Q

skeletal muscle fibres 3 types: Type IIA

A
  • fast twitch
  • Fast oxidative
  • v high myoglobin
  • v high mitochondria
  • v highly vascular
  • ->
  • fast rate of contraction
  • fatigue resistant/red colour
  • very rapid ATP breakdown
  • high capacity to manufacture ATP by oxidative metabolism
20
Q

which type of the 3 skeletal muscles are very rare in humans

A

Type IIA

21
Q

skeletal muscle fibres 3 types: Type IIX

A
  • Fast Twitch (Usain Bolt)
  • Fast Glycolytic Oxidative)
  • low myoglobin
  • low mitochondria
  • high glycogen
  • low vascularity
  • fast rate of contraction
  • readily fatigue/white colour
  • prod. ATP by anaerobic glycolysis
  • breadkdown ATP rapidly
  • low capacity to make ATP
22
Q

skeletal muscle fibres 3 types: size of motor neurone

A

type IIX = v large
type IIA = large
type I = smalle

23
Q

skeletal muscle fibres 3 types: activity used for:

A

type I: Aerobic
type IIA: long term anaerobic
type IIX: short term anaerobic

24
Q

skeletal muscle fibres 3 types: oxidative capacity

A

type I: High
type IIA: High
type IIX: Low

25
Q

skeletal muscle fibres 3 types: Glycolytic capacity

A

type I: Low
type IIA: High
type IIX: High

26
Q

skeletal muscle fibres 3 types: Major storage fuels

A

type I: Triglycerides
type IIA: CrP, Glycogen
type IIX: CrP, Glycogen